Table of Contents

Page

List of Tables		(iii)

Introduction		(iv)

Chapter I.  Record Layout		1

Chapter II.  Description of Variables		9

•	Geography		10
•	Housing Characteristics		12
•	Household Composition		24
•	Demography		61
•	Place of Birth, Place of Birth of Parents, Immigration and Citizenship		68
•	Ethnic Origin		86
•	Religion		90
•	Language		92
•	Education/Schooling		106
•	Mobility		110
•	Journey to Work		117
•	Labour Market Activity		123
•	Unpaid Work		152
•	Income		158
•	Weighting		184

Chapter III.  Sampling Method and Data Quality		186

Chapter IV.  Other Factors Affecting Data Reliability		200

Appendices

A.	Household Universe and Subuniverses		223
B.	Economic and Census Family Membership and Family Status		224
C.	Conversion Factors		225

Bibliography		226

How to Get Help		227

Other Related Products		230

Canadian Universities – Data Liberation Initiative (DLI)		232

Internet		233

List of Tables

Page
Chapter III.  Sampling Method and Data Quality

Table 1.	Quality of Estimates		198

Chapter IV.  Other Factors Affecting Data Reliability

Table 1.	Percentage Distribution of Main Response Categories of the Question on the Mother
		Tongue, 1996 and 2001 Censuses		208

Table 2.	Percentage Distribution of Main Response Categories of the Question on the Language
		Spoken Most Often at Home, 1996 and 2001 Censuses		209

Table 3.	Percentage Distribution of Main Response Categories of the Question on the Language
		Spoken on a Regular Basis at Home, 2001 Census		210

Table 4.	Percentage Distribution of Main Response Categories of the Question
	on the Language Used Most Often at Work, 2001 Census		211

Table 5.	Percentage Distribution of Main Response Categories of the Question on the Language
	Used on a Regular Basis at Work, 2001 Census		212

Table 6.	Low Income Cut-offs for Economic Families and Unattached Individuals, 2000		216

Table 7.	High and Low Income Limits		218

Table 8.	Adjustments Made to Remove Inconsistencies Introduced by Rounding		219

Table 9.	Distribution of Individuals (Unweighted Sample) With Incomes Outside Positive and
	Negative Limits in 2000, PUMF (Households and Housing), 2001 Census		220

Table 10.	Number of Private Households, Their Original and Changed Aggregate and Average
	Incomes by Source and Composition of Income in 2000, PUMF (Household Sample),
	2001 Census		221

Table 11.	Distribution of Aggregate Income of Private Households in 2000 by Province or Territory,
		Census and PUMF (Housing and Households) Estimates, 2001 Census		222

Introduction

The 2001 Census Public Use Microdata File (PUMF) on Households and Housing contains data based on a 2.7% sample of the population enumerated in the census.  It provides information on the demographic, social and economic characteristics of the households.  This microdata file allows users to group and manipulate the data to suit their own requirements. Thus, it is a powerful research tool.

The documentation (metadata) provided in the PUMF on households and housing is divided into four chapters: Chapter I contains the record layout, an essential tool for using the file; Chapter II describes the variables included in the file; Chapters III and IV deal with the sampling method and data quality.

There are two other public use microdata files: one on individuals and another on families. Further information may be obtained by contacting your nearest Statistics Canada regional reference centre, listed under the heading How to Obtain More Information.

A.  Important Considerations

1.  Data Confidentiality

It is important for Statistics Canada to protect the confidential information that it collects. Owing to the very nature of a microdata file, various measures are taken to fulfil this commitment.

(a)  Reduced Level of Detail

Data for small geographic areas are not available in this product.  The user will find information only for selected census metropolitan areas, the provinces and the territories.  Further, the data have been aggregated in such a way as to preserve confidentiality while, at the same time, providing as much detail as possible in order to maintain the analytical value of the file.  For example, the data on occupation do not indicate “Physician”, but rather the more general category “Occupations in Medicine and Health”.  This category also includes other medical occupations, such as “Nurse”.

(b)  Data Not Available

For selected variables, the codes of a few records have been changed to indicate Not Available, in order to guarantee the confidentiality of the data.

(c)  Low and High Income Limits

The PUMF contains low and high income limits. Thus, the data on total income and sources of income are adjusted proportionally. Users will find more information on this subject in Chapter IV, Other Factors Affecting Data Reliability.

Users wishing to learn more details on the census concepts and definitions can refer to the 2001 Census Dictionary, listed in the bibliography.  Also refer to Appendices A and B for charts of the relationship between these census concepts.

2.  Target Population for the Households and Housing File

The target population includes all private households of all Canadian citizens and landed immigrants living in private households on Census Day.  The file also includes data on non-permanent residents of Canada, that is, persons from another country who held an employment authorization, a student authorization or a Minister’s permit, or who were refugee claimants at the time of the census.  This is the same target population as in 1996.  However, as non‑permanent residents were not enumerated before 1991 (except in 1941), users wishing to make comparisons over time will have to take this factor into consideration.  For further information on this subject, see Chapter IV, Other Factors Affecting Data Reliability.

The file excludes households who are living in collective dwellings or residing overseas, who are located on incompletely enumerated Indian reserves or Indian settlements, or households of foreign residents, namely foreign diplomats, members of the Armed Forces of another country who are stationed in Canada, and residents of another country who are visiting Canada temporarily.

B.  New Features

1.  2001 Census

The question on religion, which is asked every 10 years, was re-introduced in 2001.

In 2001, two new questions were added: one on the birthplace of parents and the other on the language of work.  A second part was also added to the question on home language.

In view of the legal recognition of same-sex couples, the census definition of a common-law couple was changed to “two people of the opposite sex or of the same sex who live together as a couple but who are not legally married to each other”.

The question on fertility was not asked in the 2001 census.

2.  PUMF on Households and Housing

(a)  Description of Variables

As the numeric variables such as age, income, sources of income and number of hours worked indicate real values, the frequency tables that appeared in the 1996 PUMFs were deleted for these variables. 

(b)  Conversion Factors

The conversion factors for each variable shown in Appendix C are presented for each of the geographic areas available in the file.  Information on how to use these factors for measuring the quality of estimates is found in Chapter III, Sampling Method and Data Quality.

(c)  Sampling Method and Data Quality

To learn how to determine the quality of an estimate, refer to Chapter III, Sampling Method and Data Quality.

Chapter I.  Record Layout

Field	Size	Position	Type	Mnemonic	Title	
1	2	1-2	N	PROVH	Province or territory	
2	3	3-5	N	CMAH	Census metropolitan area (CMA)	
3	2	6-7	N	ROOMH	Number of rooms	
4	1	8	N	BROOMH	Number of bedrooms	
5	1	9	N	RPAIRH	Condition of dwelling	
6	7	10-16	N	VALUEH	Value of dwelling	
7	1	17	N	TENURH	Tenure	
8	1	18	N	RCONDH	Tenure – condominium	
9	1	19	N	MORGH	Presence of mortgage	
10	4	20-23	N	OMPH	Owner’s major payments (monthly)	
11	4	24-27	N	GROSRTH	Monthly gross rent	
12	4	28-31	N	CONDFH	Condominium fees	
13	2	32-33	N	DTYPEH	Structural type of dwelling	
14	1	34	N	BUILTH	Period of construction	
15	1	35	N	NUHMH	Number of household maintainers	
16	1	36	N	SECREL1	Second household maintainer
– relationship to primary household maintainer	
17	1	37	N	SECREL2	Situation of the primary household maintainer’s spouse or common-law partner	
18	1	38	N	HHSIZE	Number of persons in the household	
19	1	39	N	HHCOMP	Household composition	
20	1	40	N	NUNFH	Number of unattached individuals in the household	
21	1	41	N	NULDGH	Number of lodgers in the household	
22	1	42	N	NUEFH	Number of economic families in the household	
23	1	43	N	HMEFST	Primary household maintainer's economic family status	
24	1	44	N	EFSIZE	Number of persons in the primary household maintainer’s economic family	
25	1	45	N	EFADULT	Number of adults in the primary household maintainer’s economic family	
26	1	46	N	EFPERSA	Number of persons under 6 years of age in the primary household maintainer’s economic family	
27	1	47	N	EFPERSB	Number of persons 6 to 15 years of age in the primary household maintainer’s economic family	
28	1	48	N	EFPERSC	Number of persons 16 and 17 years of age in the primary household maintainer’s economic family	
29	1	49	N	EFPERSD	Number of persons 18 to 24 years of age in the primary household maintainer’s economic family	
30	1	50	N	EFPERSG	Number of persons 65 years of age and over in the primary household maintainer’s economic family	
31	2	51-52	N	EFCOMP	Primary household maintainer’s economic family composition	
32	1	53	N	EFNUEMPI	Number of employment income recipients in the primary household maintainer’s economic family	
33	1	54	N	EFNUIR	Number of income recipients in the primary household maintainer’s economic family	
34	1	55	N	EFLOINC	Income status (2000 low income cut-offs) of the primary household maintainer’s economic family	
35	1	56	N	EFMSINC	Major source of income of the primary household maintainer’s economic family	
36	7	57-63	N	EFEMPIN	Total employment income of the primary household maintainer’s economic family	
37	7	64-70	N	EFINV	Total investment income of the primary household maintainer’s economic family	
38	7	71-77	N	EFGOVIN	Total government transfer payments of the primary household maintainer’s economic family	
39	7	78-84	N	EFOTINC	All other income of the primary household maintainer’s economic family	
40	7	85-91	N	EFTOTINC	Total income of the primary household maintainer’s economic family	
41	1	92	N	HHINDA	Indicator of persons 0 to 4 years of age	
42	1	93	N	HHINDB	Indicator of persons 0 to 17 years of age	
43	1	94	N	HHPERA	Number of persons under 5 years of age in the household	
44	1	95	N	HHPERB	Number of persons 5 to 17 years of age in the household	
45	1	96	N	HHPERD	Number of persons 18 to 24 years of age in the household	
46	1	97	N	HHPERE	Number of persons 25 to 59 years of age in the household	
47	1	98	N	HHPERF	Number of persons 60 to 64 years of age in the household	
48	1	99	N	HHPERG	Number of persons 65 to 74 years of age in the household	
49	1	100	N	HHPERH	Number of persons 75 years of age and over in the household	
50	2	101-102	N	HMAGE	Age of the primary household maintainer	
51	1	103	N	SHMAGE	Age of the spouse or common-law partner of the primary household maintainer	
52	1	104	N	HMSEX	Sex of the primary household maintainer	
53	1	105	N	HMMARST	Legal marital status of the primary household maintainer	
54	1	106	N	SHMMARST	Legal marital status of the spouse or common-law partner of the primary household maintainer	
55	1	107	N	HMHRST	Historical comparability indicator of marital status for the primary household maintainer	
56	1	108	N	SHMHRST	Historical comparability indicator of marital status for the spouse or common-law partner of the primary household maintainer	
57	1	109	N	HMPOB	Place of birth of the primary household maintainer	
58	1	110	N	SHMPOB	Place of birth of the spouse or common‑law partner of the primary household maintainer	
59	1	111	N	HMPOBMT	Place of birth of mother of the primary household maintainer	
60	1	112	N	SHMPOBMT	Place of birth of mother of the spouse or common-law partner of the primary household maintainer	
61	1	113	N	HMPOBFT	Place of birth of father of the primary household maintainer	
62	1	114	N	SHMPOBFT	Place of birth of father of the spouse or common-law partner of the primary household maintainer	
63	1	115	N	HMGENST	Generation status of the primary household maintainer	
64	1	116	N	SHMGENST	Generation status of the spouse or common-law partner of the primary household maintainer	
65	1	117	N	HMCIT	Citizenship status of the primary household maintainer	
66	1	118	N	SHMCIT	Citizenship status of the spouse or common-law partner of the primary household maintainer	
67	1	119	N	HMIMMST	Immigrant status of the primary household maintainer	
68	1	120	N	SHMIMMST	Immigrant status of the spouse or common-law partner of the primary household maintainer	
69	1	121	N	HMIMMIG	Year of immigration of the primary household maintainer	
70	1	122	N	SHMIMMIG	Year of immigration of the spouse or common-law partner of the primary household maintainer	
71	1	123	N	HMETH	Ethnic origin of the primary household maintainer	
72	1	124	N	SHMETH	Ethnic origin of the spouse or common‑law partner of the primary household maintainer	
73	1	125	N	HMREL	Religion group of the primary household maintainer	
74	1	126	N	SHMREL	Religion group of the spouse or common‑law partner of the primary household maintainer	
75	1	127	N	HMOLN	Knowledge of official languages of the primary household maintainer	
76	1	128	N	SHMOLN	Knowledge of official languages of the spouse or common-law partner of the primary household maintainer	
77	1	129	N	HMMTN	Mother tongue of the primary household maintainer	
78	1	130	N	SHMMTN	Mother tongue of the spouse or common‑law partner of the primary household maintainer	
79	1	131	N	HMHLN	Home language most often spoken by the primary household maintainer	
80	1	132	N	SHMHLN	Home language most often spoken by the spouse or common-law partner of the primary household maintainer	
81	1	133	N	HMHLNB	Home languages spoken on a regular basis by the primary household maintainer	
82	1	134	N	SHMHLNB	Home languages spoken on a regular basis by the spouse or common-law partner of the primary household maintainer	
83	1	135	N	HMFOL	First official language spoken by the primary household maintainer	
84	1	136	N	SHMFOL	First official language spoken by the spouse or common-law partner of the primary household maintainer	
85	1	137	N	HMWLNA	Language used most often at work by the primary household maintainer	
86	1	138	N	SHMWLNA	Language used most often at work by the spouse or common-law partner of the primary household maintainer	
87	1	139	N	HMWLNB	Languages used on a regular basis at work by the primary household maintainer	
88	1	140	N	SHMWLNB	Languages used on a regular basis at work by the spouse or common-law partner of the primary household maintainer	
89	1	141	N	HMSCAT	School attendance of the primary household maintainer	
90	1	142	N	SHMSCAT	School attendance of the spouse or common-law partner of the primary household maintainer	
91	1	143	N	HMHLOS	Highest level of schooling of the primary household maintainer	
92	1	144	N	SHMHLOS	Highest level of schooling of the spouse or common-law partner of the primary household maintainer	
93	1	145	N	HMMOB5	Mobility status – place of residence 5 years ago of the primary household maintainer	
94	1	146	N	SHMMOB5	Mobility status – place of residence 5 years ago of the spouse or common‑law partner of the primary household maintainer	
95	1	147	N	HMMOB1	Mobility status – place of residence 1 year ago of the primary household maintainer	
96	1	148	N	SHMMOB1	Mobility status – place of residence 1 year ago of the spouse or common‑law partner of the primary household maintainer	
97	1	149	N	HMPOW	Place of work of the primary household maintainer	
98	1	150	N	SHMPOW	Place of work of the spouse or common‑law partner of the primary household maintainer	
99	1	151	N	HMDIST	Commuting distance of the primary household maintainer	
100	1	152	N	SHMDIST	Commuting distance of the spouse or common-law partner of the primary household maintainer	
101	1	153	N	HMMODE	Mode of transportation of the primary household maintainer	
102	1	154	N	SHMMODE	Mode of transportation of the spouse or common-law partner of the primary household maintainer	
103	2	155-156	N	HMLFACT	Labour force activity of the primary household maintainer (in reference week)	
104	2	157-158	N	SHMLFACT	Labour force activity of the spouse or common-law partner of the primary household maintainer (in reference week)	
105	1	159	N	HMCOW	Class of worker of the primary household maintainer	
106	1	160	N	SHMCOW	Class of worker of the spouse or common‑law partner of the primary household maintainer	
107	1	161	N	HMFPTWK	Full-time or part-time weeks worked in 2000 by the primary household maintainer	
108	1	162	N	SHMFPTWK	Full-time or part-time weeks worked in 2000 by the spouse or common-law partner of the primary household maintainer	
109	3	163-165	N	HMHRSWK	Hours worked for pay or in self‑employment by the primary household maintainer (in reference week)	
110	3	166-168	N	SHMHRSWK	Hours worked for pay or in self‑employment by the spouse or common‑law partner of the primary household maintainer (in reference week)	
111	1	169	N	HMLSTWK	When last worked for pay or in self‑employment for the primary household maintainer	
112	1	170	N	SHMLSTWK	When last worked for pay or in self‑employment for the spouse or common-law partner of the primary household maintainer	
113	2	171-172	N	HMWKSWK	Weeks worked in 2000 by the primary household maintainer	
114	2	173-174	N	SHMWKSWK	Weeks worked in 2000 by the spouse or common-law partner of the primary household maintainer	
115	2	175-176	N	HMNOCHR	Occupation (employment equity designations – based on the National Occupational Classification) of the primary household maintainer	
116	2	177-178	N	SHMNOCHR	Occupation (employment equity designations – based on the National Occupational Classification) of the spouse or common-law partner of the primary household maintainer	
117	2	179-180	N	HMNOC01	Occupation (based on the 2001 National Occupational Classification for Statistics [NOC–S 2001]) of the primary household maintainer	
118	2	181-182	N	SHMNOC01	Occupation (based on the 2001 National Occupational Classification for Statistics [NOC–S 2001]) of the spouse or common-law partner of the primary household maintainer	
119	2	183-184	N	HMIND80	Industry (based on the 1980 Standard Industrial Classification [SIC]) of the primary household maintainer	
120	2	185-186	N	SHMIND80	Industry (based on the 1980 Standard Industrial Classification [SIC]) of the spouse or common-law partner of the primary household maintainer	
121	2	187-188	N	HMNAICS	Industry (based on the 1997 North American Industry Classification System [NAICS]) of the primary household maintainer	
122	2	189-190	N	SHMNAICS	Industry (based on the 1997 North American Industry Classification System [NAICS]) of the spouse or common-law partner of the primary household maintainer	
123	1	191	N	HMUPHWK	Unpaid work: hours spent doing unpaid housework by the primary household maintainer	
124	1	192	N	SHMUPHWK	Unpaid work: hours spent doing unpaid housework by the spouse or common‑law partner of the primary household maintainer	
125	1	193	N	HMUPKID	Unpaid work: hours spent looking after children, without pay, by the primary household maintainer	
126	1	194	N	SHMUPKID	Unpaid work: hours spent looking after children, without pay, by the spouse or common-law partner of the primary household maintainer	
127	1	195	N	HMUPSR	Unpaid work: hours spent providing unpaid care or assistance to seniors by the primary household maintainer	
128	1	196	N	SHMUPSR	Unpaid work: hours spent providing unpaid care or assistance to seniors by the spouse of common-law partner of the primary household maintainer	
129	1	197	N	NUIRH	Number of income recipients in the household	
130	1	198	N	NUEMPINH	Number of employment income recipients in the household	
131	7	199-205	N	TOTINCH	Total household income	
132	7	206-212	N	HMTOTIN	Total income of the primary household maintainer	
133	7	213-219	N	SHMTOTIN	Total income of the spouse or common‑law partner of the primary household maintainer	
134	1	220	N	MSINCH	Major source of household income	
135	1	221	N	HMMSINC	Major source of income of the primary household maintainer	
136	1	222	N	SHMMSINC	Major source of income of the spouse or common-law partner of the primary household maintainer	
137	7	223-229	N	EMPINCH	Total employment income of the household	
138	7	230-236	N	HMEMPIN	Total employment income of the primary household maintainer	
139	7	237-243	N	SHMEMPIN	Total employment income of the spouse or common-law partner of the primary household maintainer	
140	7	244-250	N	INVSTH	Total investment income of the household	
141	7	251-257	N	HMINV	Total investment income of the primary household maintainer	
142	7	258-264	N	SHMINV	Total investment income of the spouse or common-law partner of the primary household maintainer	
143	7	265-271	N	GOVINCH	Total government transfer payments of the household	
144	7	272-278	N	HMGOVIN	Total government transfer payments of the primary household maintainer	
145	7	279-285	N	SHMGOVIN	Total government transfer payments of the spouse or common-law partner of the primary household maintainer	
146	7	286-292	N	OTINCH	All other household income	
147	7	293-299	N	HMOTINC	All other income of the primary household maintainer	
148	7	300-306	N	SHMOTINC	All other income of the spouse or common-law partner of the primary household maintainer	
149	2	307-308	N	WEIGHTH	Household weighting factor	
150	6	309-314	N	HHSORT	Unique record identifier	

Chapter II.  Description of Variables

Chapter II provides detailed information on the 150 variables contained in the database. Each variable has a mnemonic code used to extract the variable.

In the 2001 PUMFs, the information on quality measures is found in Appendix C, Conversion Factors for the Households and Housing File, and in Chapter III, Sampling Method and Data Quality, which contains instructions on how to use the factors to measure the quality of the estimates.

PROVH – Field 1

PROVINCE OR TERRITORY

Province and territory refer to the major political units of Canada. From a statistical point of view, province and territory are basic areas for which data are tabulated. Canada is divided into ten provinces and three territories.

A new territory called Nunavut came into effect on April 1, 1999. Nunavut includes three census divisions (Baffin Region, Keewatin Region, and Kitikmeot Region) that were formerly the eastern portion of the Northwest Territories.

Reported for: Private households

Code	Description	Counts	Includes	
10	Newfoundland and Labrador	5,108		
11	Prince Edward Island	1,373		
12	Nova Scotia	9,731		
13	New Brunswick	7,671		
24	Quebec	80,489		
35	Ontario	114,039		
46	Manitoba	11,690		
47	Saskatchewan	10,261		
48	Alberta	29,841		
59	British Columbia	41,469		
60	Yukon Territory, Northwest Territories and Nunavut	841		

CMAH – Field 2

CENSUS METROPOLITAN AREA (CMA)

A census metropolitan area (CMA) is formed by one or more adjacent municipalities centred on a large urban area (known as the urban core). The census population count of the urban core is at least 100,000 to form a census metropolitan area.

Reported for: Private households

Code	Description	Counts	Includes	
999	Not applicable	119,507	Persons not living in selected CMAs	
205	Halifax	3,904		
421	Québec	7,976		
462	Montréal	38,307		
499	Sherbrooke (433) and Trois-Rivières (442)	3,402		
505	Ottawa–Hull	11,241		
532	Oshawa	2,816		
535	Toronto	44,183		
537	Hamilton	6,840		
539	St. Catharines–Niagara	4,077		
541	Kitchener	4,143		
555	London	4,679		
559	Windsor	3,181		
599	Sudbury (580) and Thunder Bay (595)	3,047		
602	Winnipeg	7,297		
799	Regina (705) and Saskatoon (725)	4,475		
825	Calgary	9,631		
835	Edmonton	9,636		
933	Vancouver	20,506		
935	Victoria	3,665		

ROOMH – Field 3

NUMBER OF ROOMS

Refers to the number of rooms in a dwelling. A room is an enclosed area within a dwelling which is finished and suitable for year-round living.

Reported for: Private households in occupied private dwellings

Code	Description	Counts	Includes	
1	One room	2,468		
2	Two rooms	4,500		
3	Three rooms	25,241		
4	Four rooms	43,883		
5	Five rooms	55,696		
6	Six rooms	51,535		
7	Seven rooms	41,019		
8	Eight rooms	36,294		
9	Nine rooms	21,518		
10	Ten or more rooms	30,359		

BROOMH – Field 4

NUMBER OF BEDROOMS

Refers to all rooms designed and furnished as bedrooms and used mainly for sleeping purposes, even though the use may be occasional (e.g. spare bedroom).

Reported for: Private households in occupied private dwellings

Code	Description	Counts	Includes	
0	No bedroom	7,152		
1	One bedroom	44,138		
2	Two bedrooms	80,025		
3	Three bedrooms	115,443		
4	Four bedrooms	50,988		
5	Five or more bedrooms	14,767		

RPAIRH – Field 5

CONDITION OF DWELLING

Refers to whether, in the judgement of the respondent, the dwelling requires any repairs (excluding desirable remodelling or additions).

Reported for: Private households in occupied private dwellings

Code	Description	Counts	Includes	
1	Only regular maintenance is needed	204,003	Painting, furnace cleaning, etc.	
2	Minor repairs are needed	82,703	Missing or loose floor tiles, bricks or shingles, defective steps, etc.	
3	Major repairs are needed	25,807	Defective plumbing or electrical wiring, structural repairs to walls, floors or ceilings, etc.	

VALUEH – Field 6

VALUE OF DWELLING

Refers to the dollar amount expected by the owner if the dwelling were to be sold.

Reported for: Private households in owner-occupied non-farm dwellings

Note: The upper limit value is an average of all census records that are over the $300,000 limit in a specific geographic area (except in the case of Prince Edward Island and the territories, where the limit value is $200,000). There are 31 different areas based on “Province” and “CMA” variables. These areas are:

Newfoundland and Labrador
Prince Edward Island
Halifax
Nova Scotia (excluding Halifax)
New Brunswick
Québec (city)
Montréal
Sherbrooke and Trois-Rivières
Ottawa–Hull (Quebec part)
Quebec (excluding specified CMAs)
Ottawa–Hull (Ontario part)
Oshawa
Toronto
Hamilton
St. Catharines–Niagara
Kitchener
London
Windsor
Sudbury and Thunder Bay
Ontario (excluding specified CMAs)
Winnipeg
Manitoba (excluding Winnipeg)
Regina and Saskatoon
Saskatchewan (excluding Regina and Saskatoon)
Calgary
Edmonton
Alberta (excluding Edmonton and Calgary)
Vancouver
Victoria
British Columbia (excluding Vancouver and Victoria)
Yukon Territory, Northwest Territories and Nunavut

The value 19999 includes the households for which the value of dwelling is $19,999 or less.

The value 9999999 stands for Not applicable, and it is applied to households in farm dwellings and in tenant-occupied dwellings.

TENURH – Field 7

TENURE

Refers to whether some member of the household owns or rents the dwelling, or whether the dwelling is Band housing (on an Indian reserve or settlement).

Note: For historical and statutory reasons, shelter occupancy on reserves does not lend itself to the usual classification by standard tenure categories. Therefore, a special category, Band housing, has been created for the 1991, 1996 and 2001 Census products. For further information, see the 2001 Census Dictionary, Catalogue No. 92-378-XIE.

In order to protect the confidentiality of data in the 2001 Public Use Microdata File (PUMF), the categories “Rented” and “Band housing” have been combined as in the 1996 PUMF. Furthermore, gross rent data for individuals living in Band housing have been imputed to prevent inadvertent disclosure of individual information.

Users should be cautioned when using housing and shelter cost data for analyses focussed entirely or largely on Aboriginal population.

Reported for: Private households

Code	Description	Counts	Includes	
1	Owned (with or without mortgage)	205,683	Persons in households that own their dwelling	
2	Rented (for cash, other) or Band housing	106,830	Persons in households that rent their dwelling or live in Band housing	

RCONDH – Field 8

TENURE – CONDOMINIUM

Refers to whether or not the dwelling is part of a registered condominium.

Reported for: Private households in owner-occupied non-farm dwellings

Code	Description	Counts	Includes	
9	Not applicable	111,296	Farm dwellings and tenant-occupied dwellings	
1	Condominium	18,009	Owner-occupied dwellings that are part of a condominium	
2	Not a condominium	183,208	Owner-occupied dwellings that are not part of a condominium	

MORGH – Field 9

PRESENCE OF MORTGAGE

Refers to whether or not the dwelling is mortgaged.

Reported for: Private households in owner-occupied non-farm dwellings

Code	Description	Counts	Includes	
9	Not applicable	111,296	Farm dwellings and tenant-occupied dwellings	
1	Yes	111,096	Owner-occupied dwellings with a mortgage	
2	No	90,121	Owner-occupied dwellings without a mortgage	

OMPH – Field 10

OWNER’S MAJOR PAYMENTS (MONTHLY)

Refers to the total average monthly payments made by owner households to secure shelter. Owner’s major payments include payments for electricity, oil, gas, coal, wood or other fuels, water and other municipal services, monthly mortgage payments, property taxes (municipal and school) and, for 1991, 1996 and 2001, condominium fees.

Reported for: Private households in owner-occupied non-farm dwellings

Note: The upper limit value is an average of all census records that are over the $1,650 limit in a specific geographic area. There are 31 different areas based on “Province” and “CMA” variables. These areas are:

Newfoundland and Labrador
Prince Edward Island
Halifax
Nova Scotia (excluding Halifax)
New Brunswick
Québec (city)
Montréal
Sherbrooke and Trois-Rivières
Ottawa–Hull (Quebec part)
Quebec (excluding specified CMAs)
Ottawa–Hull (Ontario part)
Oshawa
Toronto
Hamilton
St. Catharines–Niagara
Kitchener
London
Windsor
Sudbury and Thunder Bay
Ontario (excluding specified CMAs)
Winnipeg
Manitoba (excluding Winnipeg)
Regina and Saskatoon
Saskatchewan (excluding Regina and Saskatoon)
Calgary
Edmonton
Alberta (excluding Edmonton and Calgary)
Vancouver
Victoria
British Columbia (excluding Vancouver and Victoria)
Yukon Territory, Northwest Territories and Nunavut

The value 99 includes households for which the monthly gross rent is under $100.

The value 9999 stands for Not applicable, and it is applied to households in farm dwellings and in tenant‑occupied dwellings.

GROSRTH – Field 11

MONTHLY GROSS RENT

Refers to the total average monthly payments paid by tenant households to secure shelter. Gross rent includes payments for electricity, oil, gas, coal, wood or other fuels, water and other municipal services, and monthly cash rent. No data are available on the individual components of this variable (except for the monthly cash rent). Only data on the total of the main rental expenses (gross rent) are published.

Reported for: Private households in tenant-occupied non-farm dwellings

Note: The upper limit value is an average of all census records that are over the $1,500 limit in a specific geographic area. There are 31 different areas based on “Province” and “CMA” variables. These areas are:

Newfoundland and Labrador
Prince Edward Island
Halifax
Nova Scotia (excluding Halifax)
New Brunswick
Québec (city)
Montréal
Sherbrooke and Trois-Rivières
Ottawa–Hull (Quebec part)
Quebec (excluding specified CMAs)
Ottawa–Hull (Ontario part)
Oshawa
Toronto
Hamilton
St. Catharines–Niagara
Kitchener
London
Windsor
Sudbury and Thunder Bay
Ontario (excluding specified CMAs)
Winnipeg
Manitoba (excluding Winnipeg)
Regina and Saskatoon
Saskatchewan (excluding Regina and Saskatoon)
Calgary
Edmonton
Alberta (excluding Edmonton and Calgary)
Vancouver
Victoria
British Columbia (excluding Vancouver and Victoria)
Yukon Territory, Northwest Territories and Nunavut

The value 99 includes households for which the monthly gross rent is under $100.

The value 9999 stands for Not applicable and it is applied to households in farm dwellings and in owner‑occupied dwellings.

CONDFH – Field 12

CONDOMINIUM FEES

Refers to monthly payments for maintenance and various condominium services. A condominium is a residential complex in which dwellings are owned individually, while land is held in joint ownership with others.

Reported for: Private households in owner-occupied non-farm dwellings which form part of a registered condominium

Note: The value 99 includes households for which the condominium fees are under $100.

The value 1000 includes households for which the condominium fees are $1,000 and over.

The value 9999 stands for Not applicable, and it is applied to households in farm dwellings, in tenant‑occupied dwellings and in every dwelling not forming part of a registered condominium.

DTYPEH – Field 13

STRUCTURAL TYPE OF DWELLING

Refers to the structural characteristics and/or dwelling configuration, that is, whether the dwelling is a single‑detached house, an apartment in a high-rise building, a row house, a mobile home, etc.

Reported for: Occupied private dwellings

Code	Description	Counts	Includes	
98	Not available	25		
1	Single-detached house	179,599		
2	Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	28,278		
3	Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	56,355		
4	Semi-detached house	15,257		
5	Apartment or flat in a detached duplex	11,149		
6	Row house	16,537		
7	Other single-attached house	1,095		
8	Mobile home and other movable dwelling	4,218		

BUILTH – Field 14

PERIOD OF CONSTRUCTION

Refers to the period in time during which the building or dwelling was originally constructed.

Reported for: Occupied private dwellings

Code	Description	Counts	Includes	
1	1920 or before	20,934		
2	1921-1945	23,779		
3	1946-1960	49,455		
4	1961-1970	49,882		
5	1971-1980	66,247		
6	1981-1985	27,083		
7	1986-1990	29,056		
8	1991-1995	24,016		
9	1996-2001	22,061	Data up to May 15, 2001	

NUHMH – Field 15

NUMBER OF HOUSEHOLD MAINTAINERS

Number of persons in a household who pay the rent or mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity bills, and so on, for the dwelling. If no person in the household is responsible for such payments, Person 1 is considered to be the only household maintainer.

Note: A major conceptual modification was introduced in this variable for the 1991 Census: for the first time, respondents in private households were able to identify more than one person as responsible for the shelter expenses. The maximum allowable number was six. In order for a person identified as being responsible for the household payments to be considered as the household maintainer, that person must be 15 years of age or older and be related to Person 1 in terms other than as a lodger or an employee (or as a member of a lodger’s or an employee’s census family).

In the 1981 and 1986 Censuses, only one person could be counted as the household maintainer. Comparisons with the 1991, 1996 and 2001 Censuses can be made using the “Primary Household Maintainer Indicator” variable.

Reported for: Private households

Code	Description	Counts	Includes	
1	One maintainer in the household	202,200		
2	Two maintainers in the household	105,296		
3	Three or more maintainers in the household	5,017		

SECREL1 – Field 16

SECOND HOUSEHOLD MAINTAINER – RELATIONSHIP TO PRIMARY HOUSEHOLD MAINTAINER

Refers to the relationship of the second household maintainer to the primary household maintainer. The primary household maintainer refers to the first person in the household identified as the one who pays the rent or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity bill, and so on, for the dwelling.

Note: Due to changes in questionnaire design and data capture, the method of identifying the primary household maintainer in 2001 and 1996 differs slightly from that of 1991. These changes may affect households where two or more persons contribute towards shelter expenses. As a result, the characteristics of the primary household maintainer in 2001 and 1996 may not be strictly comparable to those released in the 1991 Census.

Reported for: Private households

Code	Description	Counts	Includes	
0	No second (other) maintainer in the household	202,200		
	Member of the same economic family:			
1	   Spouse or common-law partner of the primary maintainer	97,834		
2	   Other member of the primary maintainer’s economic family	6,492		
3	Not a member of the primary maintainer’s economic family	5,987		

SECREL2 – Field 17

SITUATION OF THE PRIMARY HOUSEHOLD MAINTAINER’S SPOUSE OR COMMON-LAW PARTNER

Refers to the situation of the primary household maintainer’s spouse or common-law partner. The primary household maintainer is the first person in the household identified as being the household maintainer.

Note: Due to changes in questionnaire design and data capture, the method of identifying the primary household maintainer in 2001 and 1996 differs slightly from that of 1991. These changes may affect households where two or more persons contribute towards shelter expenses. As a result, the characteristics of the primary household maintainer in 2001 and 1996 may not be strictly comparable to those released in the 1991 Census.

Reported for: Private households

Code	Description	Counts	Includes	
9	Not applicable	125,885	Primary maintainer without a spouse or common-law partner	
1	One of the household maintainers	97,834		
2	Not a household maintainer	88,794		

HHSIZE – Field 18

NUMBER OF PERSONS IN THE HOUSEHOLD

Refers to the classification of households by the number of persons in the household.

Reported for: Population in private households

Code	Description	Counts	Includes	
1	One person	80,488		
2	Two persons	101,893		
3	Three persons	50,330		
4	Four persons	50,272		
5	Five persons	20,003		
6	Six persons	6,790		
7	Seven persons	1,624		
8	Eight or more persons	1,113		

HHCOMP – Field 19

HOUSEHOLD COMPOSITION

This variable gives the number and type of economic family units in the household. An economic family is defined as a group of two or more persons who live in the same dwelling and are related to each other by blood, marriage, common-law or adoption. Unattached individuals refer to household members who are not members of an economic family. Persons living alone are included in this category.

Reported for: Private households

Code	Description	Counts	Includes	
	Non-family household:			
1	   One person only	80,488		
2	   Two or more persons	8,753		
	Economic family household:			
	   One-family household:			
3	      Without unattached individuals	217,360		
4	      With unattached individuals	5,571		
	Multiple economic family household:			
5	   Multiple-family household	341		

NUNFH – Field 20

NUMBER OF UNATTACHED INDIVIDUALS IN THE HOUSEHOLD

Refers to the number of household members who are not members of an economic family. Persons living alone are included in this category.

Reported for: Private households

Code	Description	Counts	Includes	
8	Not available	121		
0	None	217,626		
1	One person	85,188		
2	Two persons	7,870		
3	Three or more persons	1,708		

NULDGH – Field 21

NUMBER OF LODGERS IN THE HOUSEHOLD

Refers to the number of lodgers in the household. A lodger is a person whose relationship to the household reference person (Person 1) was reported as being a lodger or boarder, or the spouse, common-law partner or child of a lodger or boarder.

Reported for: Private households

Code	Description	Counts	Includes	
0	None	308,194		
1	One lodger	3,383		
2	Two or more lodgers	936		

NUEFH – Field 22

NUMBER OF ECONOMIC FAMILIES IN THE HOUSEHOLD

Refers to the presence and number of economic families in the household. An economic family is defined as a group of two or more persons who live in the same dwelling and are related to each other by blood, marriage, common-law or adoption.

Reported for: Private households

Code	Description	Counts	Includes	
0	None	89,241		
1	One economic family	222,931		
2	Two or more economic families	341		

HMEFST – Field 23

PRIMARY HOUSEHOLD MAINTAINER'S ECONOMIC FAMILY STATUS

Refers to the classification of the primary household maintainer in terms of whether or not this person is a member of an economic family. An economic family is defined as a group of two or more persons who live in the same dwelling and are related to each other by blood, marriage, common-law or adoption.

Unattached individuals refer to household members who are not members of an economic family. Persons living alone are included in this category.

Reported for: Primary household maintainers 15 years of age and over in private households

Code	Description	Counts	Includes	
	Economic family member:			
1	   Male spouse or male common-law partner	150,734		
2	   Female spouse or female common-law
   partner	34,975		
3	   Male lone parent	5,634		
4	   Female lone parent	24,872		
5	   Child	2,042		
6	   Other member of the economic family	4,546		
	Not an economic family member:			
7	   Unattached individual	89,710		

EFSIZE – Field 24

NUMBER OF PERSONS IN THE PRIMARY HOUSEHOLD MAINTAINER’S ECONOMIC FAMILY

Refers to the number of persons in the primary household maintainer’s economic family. An economic family is defined as a group of two or more persons who live in the same dwelling and are related to each other by blood, marriage, common-law or adoption.

Reported for: Private households

Code	Description	Counts	Includes	
9	Not applicable	89,710	Households which consist only of one or more unattached individuals or in which the primary household maintainer is an unattached individual	
	Persons in economic family:			
2	   Two persons	96,995		
3	   Three persons	48,523		
4	   Four persons	49,305		
5	   Five persons	19,275		
6	   Six persons	6,267		
7	   Seven or more persons	2,438		

EFADULT – Field 25

NUMBER OF ADULTS IN THE PRIMARY HOUSEHOLD MAINTAINER’S ECONOMIC FAMILY

Refers to the number of adults in the primary household maintainer’s economic family. It includes persons 16 years of age and over, as well as the maintainer, the spouse and ever-married persons of any age.

Reported for: Population in private households

Code	Description	Counts	Includes	
8	Not available	844		
9	Not applicable	89,710	Households which consist only of one or more unattached individuals or in which the primary household maintainer is an unattached individual	
1	One adult	11,492		
2	Two adults	144,699		
3	Three adults	39,358		
4	Four adults	20,267		
5	Five adults	5,000		
6	Six or more adults	1,143		

EFPERSA – Field 26

NUMBER OF PERSONS UNDER 6 YEARS OF AGE IN THE PRIMARY HOUSEHOLD
MAINTAINER’S ECONOMIC FAMILY

Refers to the number of persons under 6 years of age in the primary household maintainer’s economic family.

Reported for: Private households

Code	Description	Counts	Includes	
9	Not applicable	89,710	Households which consist only of one or more unattached individuals or in which the primary household maintainer is an unattached individual	
0	None	181,498		
1	One person	28,926		
2	Two persons	10,938		
3	Three or more persons	1,441		

EFPERSB – Field 27

NUMBER OF PERSONS 6 TO 15 YEARS OF AGE IN THE PRIMARY HOUSEHOLD
MAINTAINER’S ECONOMIC FAMILY

Refers to the number of persons 6 to 15 years of age in the primary household maintainer’s economic family.

Note: For the 2001 Census, several changes were made to the family concepts for numerous reasons. In previous censuses, children had to be never-married. For 2001, children can have been previously-married (i.e. separated, divorced or widowed) and in certain cases, grandchildren are also included. Thus the definition of the “Number of persons 6 to 15 years of age in the primary household maintainer’s economic family” variable includes all children (previously-married or not) and grandchildren. It excludes the household maintainers.

Reported for: Private households

Code	Description	Counts	Includes	
8	Not available	144		
9	Not applicable	89,710	Households which consist only of one or more unattached individuals or in which the primary household maintainer is an unattached individual	
0	None	153,338		
1	One person	38,300		
2	Two persons	24,123		
3	Three persons	5,808		
4	Four or more persons	1,090		

EFPERSC – Field 28

NUMBER OF PERSONS 16 AND 17 YEARS OF AGE IN THE PRIMARY HOUSEHOLD
MAINTAINER’S ECONOMIC FAMILY

Refers to the number of persons 16 and 17 years of age in the primary household maintainer’s economic family.

Note: For the 2001 Census, several changes were made to the family concepts for numerous reasons. In previous censuses, children had to be never-married. For 2001, children can have been previously-married (i.e. separated, divorced or widowed) and in certain cases, grandchildren are also included. Thus the definition of the “Number of persons 16 and 17 years of age in the primary household maintainer’s economic family” variable includes all children (previously-married or not) and grandchildren. It excludes the household maintainers.

Reported for: Private households

Code	Description	Counts	Includes	
8	Not available	59		
9	Not applicable	89,710	Households which consist only of one or more unattached individuals or in which the primary household maintainer is an unattached individual	
0	None	201,881		
1	One person	19,912		
2	Two or more persons	951		

EFPERSD – Field 29

NUMBER OF PERSONS 18 TO 24 YEARS OF AGE IN THE PRIMARY HOUSEHOLD
MAINTAINER’S ECONOMIC FAMILY

Refers to the number of persons 18 to 24 years of age in the primary household maintainer’s economic family.

Note: For the 2001 Census, several changes were made to the family concepts for numerous reasons. In previous censuses, children had to be never-married. For 2001, children can have been previously-married (i.e. separated, divorced or widowed) and in certain cases, grandchildren are also included. Thus the definition of the “Number of persons 18 to 24 years of age in the primary household maintainer’s economic family” variable includes all children (previously-married or not) and grandchildren. It excludes the household maintainers.

Reported for: Private households

Code	Description	Counts	Includes	
8	Not available	7		
9	Not applicable	89,710	Households which consist only of one or more unattached individuals or in which the primary household maintainer is an unattached individual	
0	None	177,247		
1	One person	35,261		
2	Two persons	9,169		
3	Three or more persons	1,119		

EFPERSG – Field 30

NUMBER OF PERSONS 65 YEARS OF AGE AND OVER IN THE PRIMARY HOUSEHOLD MAINTAINER’S ECONOMIC FAMILY

Refers to the number of persons 65 years of age and over in the primary household maintainer’s economic family.

Note: For the 2001 Census, several changes were made to the family concepts for numerous reasons. In previous censuses, children had to be never-married. For 2001, children can have been previously-married (i.e. separated, divorced or widowed) and in certain cases, grandchildren are also included. Thus the definition of the “Number of persons 65 years of age and over in the primary household maintainer’s economic family” variable includes all children (previously-married or not) and grandchildren. It excludes the household maintainers.

Reported for: Private households

Code	Description	Counts	Includes	
8	Not available	7		
9	Not applicable	89,710	Households which consist only of one or more unattached individuals or in which the primary household maintainer is an unattached individual	
0	None	192,565		
1	One person	29,154		
2	Two or more persons	1,077		

EFCOMP – Field 31

PRIMARY HOUSEHOLD MAINTAINER’S ECONOMIC FAMILY COMPOSITION

Refers to the composition of the primary household maintainer’s economic family on the basis of the presence of children. An economic family is defined as a group of two or more persons who live in the same dwelling and are related to each other by blood, marriage, common-law or adoption. Unattached individuals refer to household members who are not members of an economic family. Persons living alone are always included in this category.

Reported for: Private households

Code	Description	Counts	Includes	
99	Not applicable	89,710	Households which consist only of one or more unattached individuals, or in which the primary household maintainer is an unattached individual	
1	Now-married couple without child(ren)	60,064		
2	Now-married couple with child(ren)	84,791		
3	Common-law couple without child(ren)	15,549		
4	Common-law couple with child(ren)	13,377		
5	Male lone parent with child(ren)	4,817		
6	Female lone parent with child(ren)	22,035		
7	Other now-married couple families	10,193	Couples with married children and their immediate families, if any, or with relatives other than their own children	
8	Other common-law couple families	1,166	Couples with married children and their immediate families, if any, or with relatives other than their own children	
9	All other families	10,811		

EFNUEMPI – Field 32

NUMBER OF EMPLOYMENT INCOME RECIPIENTS IN THE PRIMARY HOUSEHOLD
MAINTAINER’S ECONOMIC FAMILY

Refers to the number of persons 15 years of age and over in the primary household maintainer’s economic family who received income during calendar year 2000 from one or more of the three sources of employment income: wages and salaries, net income from a non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice, and/or net farm self-employment income.

Reported for: Population 15 years of age and over in private households

Code	Description	Counts	Includes	
9	Not applicable	89,710	Households which consist only of one or more unattached individuals or in which the primary household maintainer is an unattached individual	
0	No recipient	35,017		
1	One recipient	49,386		
2	Two recipients	100,723		
3	Three recipients	24,658		
4	Four recipients	10,611		
5	Five or more recipients	2,408		

EFNUIR – Field 33

NUMBER OF INCOME RECIPIENTS IN THE PRIMARY HOUSEHOLD
MAINTAINER’S ECONOMIC FAMILY

Refers to the number of individuals 15 years of age and over in the primary household maintainer’s economic family who received income during calendar year 2000 from any of the following sources: wages and salaries; net farm income; net non-farm income from unincorporated business and/or professional practice; Canada Child Tax Benefits; Old Age Security pension and Guaranteed Income Supplement; benefits from the Canada or Quebec Pension Plan; benefits from Employment Insurance; other income from government sources; dividends, interest on bonds, deposits and savings certificates, and other investment income; retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from RRSPs and RRIFs; and other money income.

Reported for: Population 15 years of age and over in private households

Code	Description	Counts	Includes	
9	Not applicable	89,710	Households which consist only of one or more unattached individuals or in which the primary household maintainer is an unattached individual	
0	No recipient	310		
1	One recipient	20,718		
2	Two recipients	146,402		
3	Three recipients	35,025		
4	Four recipients	15,677		
5	Five or more recipients	4,671		

EFLOINC – Field 34

INCOME STATUS (2000 LOW INCOME CUT-OFFS) OF THE PRIMARY HOUSEHOLD
MAINTAINER’S ECONOMIC FAMILY

On the basis of the total income of an economic family or an unattached individual, size of the family and size of the area of residence, the position of each unattached individual and economic family is determined in relation to Statistics Canada’s low income cut-offs (LICOs). These cut-offs are based on national family expenditure data and are updated yearly by changes in the consumer price index.

The concept of an economic family is broader than that of a census family in that an economic family consists of all persons living together who are related by blood, marriage, common-law or adoption. Unattached individuals are persons either living alone or living in a household where they are not related to another person. Where an economic family consists of more than a census family, all individuals that make up the economic family carry the income status of that economic family. Low income statistics calculated from this file relate only to the economic family of the primary household maintainer.

The incidence of low income is the percentage of economic families, unattached individuals or persons in a given category below the applicable low income cut-off.

For further details, users should consult the 2001 Census Dictionary, Catalogue No. 92-378-XIE.

Reported for: Economic families of primary household maintainers in private households, excluding economic families living in the Yukon Territory, the Northwest Territories and Nunavut

Code	Description	Counts	Includes	
9	NOTAPPCBL
The concept is not applicable.	841	Economic families and unattached individuals in the Yukon Territory and the Northwest Territories and households which consist only of one or more unattached individuals or in which the primary household maintainer is an unattached individual	
1	ABOVELINE
The total income of the economic family or unattached individual was not below the low income cut-off point for it.	250,801		
2	BELOWLINE
The total income of the economic family or unattached individual was below the low income cut-off point for it.	60,871		

EFMSINC – Field 35

MAJOR SOURCE OF INCOME OF THE PRIMARY HOUSEHOLD
MAINTAINER’S ECONOMIC FAMILY

Refers to that component which constitutes the largest proportion of an income recipient’s total income. Various combinations of income sources can be used to derive this classification. For example, at the most detailed level, the income sources are combined into five components: wages and salaries, self‑employment income (farm and non-farm), government transfer payments, investment income, and other income. The absolute values for these components are compared, and the largest one is designated as the major source of income.

Reported for: Population 15 years of age and over in private households

Code	Description	Counts	Includes	
9	Not applicable	89,710	Households which consist only of one or more unattached individuals or in which the primary household maintainer is an unattached individual	
1	No income	310		
2	Wages and salaries	155,809		
3	Self-employment income	10,930		
4	Government transfer payments	37,660		
5	Investment income	4,296		
6	Other income	13,798		

EFEMPIN – Field 36

TOTAL EMPLOYMENT INCOME OF THE PRIMARY HOUSEHOLD
MAINTAINER’S ECONOMIC FAMILY

Refers to total income received by persons 15 years of age and over in the primary household maintainer’s economic family during calendar year 2000 as wages and salaries, net income from a non‑farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice, and/or net farm self-employment income.

Reported for: Population 15 years of age and over in private households

This is a signed numeric field, and it shows the actual amount received in 2000, except for certain cases where the reported amount was beyond specified limits. For further information on income data, see Chapter IV.

The value 0 stands for No employment income.

The value 9999999 stands for Not applicable, and it is applied to households where no economic family exists (unattached individuals only) or in which the primary household maintainer is an unattached individual.

EFINV – Field 37

TOTAL INVESTMENT INCOME OF THE PRIMARY HOUSEHOLD
MAINTAINER’S ECONOMIC FAMILY

Refers to interest received during calendar year 2000 from deposits in banks, trust companies, cooperatives, credit unions, caisses populaires, etc., as well as interest on savings certificates, bonds and debentures, and all dividends from both Canadian and foreign corporate stocks and mutual funds. Also included is other investment income from either Canadian or foreign sources, such as net rents from real estate, mortgage and loan interest received, regular income from an estate or trust fund, and interest from insurance policies.

Reported for: Population 15 years of age and over in private households

This is a signed numeric field, and it shows the actual amount received in 2000, except for certain cases where the reported amount was beyond specified limits. For further information on income data, see Chapter IV.

The value 0 stands for No investment income.

The value 9999999 stands for Not applicable, and it is applied to households where no economic family exists (unattached individuals only) or in which the primary household maintainer is an unattached individual.

EFGOVIN – Field 38

TOTAL GOVERNMENT TRANSFER PAYMENTS OF THE PRIMARY HOUSEHOLD
MAINTAINER’S ECONOMIC FAMILY

Refers to total income from all transfer payments received from federal, provincial or municipal governments during calendar year 2000 by persons 15 years of age and over in the primary household maintainer’s economic family. This variable is the sum of the amounts reported in:

–  the Old Age Security pension and Guaranteed Income Supplement;
–  benefits from Canada or Quebec Pension Plan;
–  benefits from Employment Insurance;
–  Canada Child Tax benefits;
–  other income from government sources.

Reported for: Population 15 years of age and over in private households

This variable is always positive and shows the actual amount received in 2000. For further information on income data, see Chapter IV.

The value 0 stands for No government transfer payments.

The value 9999999 stands for Not applicable, and it is applied to households where no economic family exists (unattached individuals only) or in which the primary household maintainer is an unattached individual.

EFOTINC – Field 39

ALL OTHER INCOME OF THE PRIMARY HOUSEHOLD MAINTAINER’S ECONOMIC FAMILY

Refers to all regular income received during calendar year 2000 by the primary household maintainer’s economic family as the result of that person’s having been a member of a pension plan of one or more employers. It includes payments received from all annuities, including payments from a matured Registered Retirement Savings Plan (RRSP) in the form of a life annuity, a fixed-term annuity, a Registered Retirement Income Fund (RRIF) or an income-averaging annuity contract; pensions paid to widow(er)s or other relatives of deceased pensioners; pensions of retired civil servants, Armed Forces personnel and Royal Canadian Mounted Police (RCMP) officers; annuity payments received from the Canadian Government Annuities Fund, an insurance company, etc. Does not include lump-sum death benefits, lump-sum benefits or withdrawals from a pension plan or RRSP, or refunds of overcontributions.

Also includes regular cash income received during calendar year 2000 and not reported in any of the other nine sources listed on the questionnaire. For example, alimony, child support, periodic support from other persons not in the household, income from abroad (excluding dividends and interest), non‑refundable scholarships and bursaries, severance pay and royalties are included.

Reported for: Population 15 years of age and over in private households

This variable is always positive and shows the actual amount received in 2000. For further information on income data, see Chapter IV.

The value 0 stands for No other income.

The value 9999999 stands for Not applicable, and it is applied to households where no economic family exists (unattached individuals only) or in which the primary household maintainer is an unattached individual.

EFTOTINC – Field 40

TOTAL INCOME OF THE PRIMARY HOUSEHOLD MAINTAINER’S ECONOMIC FAMILY

Refers to the total money income received by the primary household maintainer’s economic family during calendar year 2000 from the sources listed below.

(1)  Wages and Salaries

Refers to gross wages and salaries before deductions for such items as income tax, pensions and Employment Insurance. Included in this source are military pay and allowances, tips, commissions and cash bonuses, benefits from wage-loss replacement plans or income-maintenance insurance plans, as well as all types of casual earnings during calendar year 2000. The value of taxable allowances and benefits provided by employers, such as free lodging and free automobile use, is excluded.

(2)  Net Farm Income

Refers to net income (gross receipts from farm sales minus depreciation and cost of operation) received during calendar year 2000 from the operation of a farm, either on the respondent’s own account or in partnership. In the case of partnerships, only the respondent’s share of income was reported. Included with gross receipts are cash advances received in 2000, dividends from cooperatives, rebates and farm‑support payments to farmers from federal, provincial and regional agricultural programs (e.g. milk subsidies and marketing board payments) and gross insurance proceeds such as payments from the Net Income Stabilization Account (NISA). The value of income “in kind”, such as agricultural products produced and consumed on the farm, is excluded.

(3)  Net Non-farm Income from Unincorporated Business and/or Professional Practice

Refers to net income (gross receipts minus expenses of operation such as wages, rents and depreciation) received during calendar year 2000 from the respondent’s non-farm unincorporated business or professional practice. In the case of partnerships, only the respondent’s share was reported. Also included is net income from persons babysitting in their own homes, persons providing room and board to non‑relatives, self-employed fishers, hunters and trappers, operators of direct distributorships (such as those selling and delivering cosmetics), as well as from freelance activities of artists, writers, music teachers, hairdressers, dressmakers, etc.

(4)  Canada Child Tax Benefits

Refers to payments received under the Canada Child Tax Benefit program during calendar year 2000 by eligible parents with dependent children under 18 years of age. No information on these benefits was collected from respondents. Instead, these were calculated and assigned, where applicable, to one of the parents in the census family on the basis of information on children in the family and the family income. Included with the Canada Child Tax Benefit is the National Child Benefit Supplement (NCBS) for low-income families with children. The NCBS is the federal contribution to the National Child Benefit (NCB), a joint initiative of federal, provincial and territorial governments. Also included under this program are child benefits and earned income supplements provided by certain provinces and territories.

(5)  Old Age Security Pension and Guaranteed Income Supplement

Refers to Old Age Security pensions and Guaranteed Income Supplements paid to persons 65 years of age and over, and to the Allowance or Allowance for the survivor paid to 60- to 64-year-old spouses of old age security recipients or widow(er)s by the federal government during the calendar year 2000.

(6)  Benefits from Canada or Quebec Pension Plan

Refers to benefits received during calendar year 2000 from the Canada or Quebec Pension Plan (e.g. retirement pensions, survivors’ benefits and disability pensions). Does not include lump-sum death benefits.

(7)  Benefits from Employment Insurance

Refers to total Employment Insurance benefits received during calendar year 2000, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, work sharing, retraining and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal Employment Insurance Program.

(8)  Other Income from Government Sources

Refers to all transfer payments, excluding those covered as a separate income source (Canada Child Tax benefits, Old Age Security pensions and Guaranteed Income Supplements, Canada or Quebec Pension Plan benefits and Employment Insurance benefits) received from federal, provincial or municipal programs during the calendar year 2000. This source includes social assistance payments received by persons in need, such as mothers with dependent children, persons temporarily or permanently unable to work, elderly individuals, the blind and persons with disabilities. Included are provincial income supplement payments to seniors and provincial payments to help offset accommodation costs. Also included are other transfer payments, such as payments received from training programs sponsored by the federal and provincial governments, regular payments from provincial automobile insurance plans, veterans’ pensions, war veterans’ allowance, pensions to widows and dependants of veterans, and workers’ compensation. Additionally, refundable provincial tax credits, the Alberta Energy Tax Refund and refunds of the Goods and Services Tax (GST), Harmonized Sales Tax (HST) or Quebec Sales Tax (QST) received in 2000 are included.

(9)  Dividends, Interest on Bonds, Deposits and Savings Certificates, and Other Investment Income

Refers to interest received during calendar year 2000 from deposits in banks, trust companies, cooperatives, credit unions, caisses populaires, etc., as well as interest on savings certificates, bonds and debentures and all dividends from both Canadian and foreign corporate stocks and mutual funds. Also included is other investment income from either Canadian or foreign sources, such as net rents from real estate, mortgage and loan interest received, regular income from an estate or trust fund, and interest from insurance policies.

(10)  Retirement Pensions, Superannuation and Annuities, Including Those from RRSPs and RRIFs

Refers to all regular income received by the respondent during calendar year 2000 as the result of having been a member of a pension plan of one or more employers. It includes payments received from all annuities, including payments from a matured Registered Retirement Savings Plan (RRSP) in the form of a life annuity, a fixed-term annuity, a Registered Retirement Income Fund (RRIF) or an income-averaging annuity contract; pensions paid to widow(er)s or other relatives of deceased pensioners; pensions of retired civil servants, Armed Forces personnel and Royal Canadian Mounted Police (RCMP) officers; annuity payments received from the Canadian Government Annuities Fund, an insurance company, etc. Does not include lump-sum death benefits, lump-sum benefits or withdrawals from a pension plan or RRSP, or refunds of overcontributions.

(11)  Other Money Income

Refers to regular cash income received during calendar year 2000 and not reported in any of the other nine sources listed on the questionnaire. For example, alimony, child support, periodic support from other persons not in the household, income from abroad (excluding dividends and interest), non‑refundable scholarships and bursaries, severance pay and royalties are included.
Receipts Not Counted as Income

Gambling gains and losses, lottery prizes, money inherited during the year in a lump sum, capital gains or losses, receipts from the sale of property, income tax refunds, loan payments received, lump-sum settlements of insurance policies, rebates received on property taxes, refunds of pension contributions were excluded, as well as all income “in kind” such as free meals, living accommodations, or agricultural products produced and consumed on the farm. 

Remarks

No income information was collected from institutional residents in the 2001 Census. Individuals immigrating to Canada in 2001 have zero income. Also, because of response problems, all individuals in Hutterite colonies were assigned zero income. Furthermore, data on households, economic families, unattached individuals, census families and non-family persons relate to private households only.

Reported for: Population 15 years of age and over in private households

This is a signed numeric field, and it shows the actual amount received in 2000, except for certain cases where the reported amount was beyond specified limits. For further information on income data, see Chapter IV.

The value 0 stands for No income.

The value 1 is assigned to cases where the sum of negative and positive amounts in income sources equalled zero.

The value 9999999 stands for Not applicable, and it is applied to households where no economic family exists (unattached individuals only) or in which the primary household maintainer is an unattached individual.

HHINDA – Field 41

INDICATOR OF PERSONS 0 TO 4 YEARS OF AGE

Refers to whether the number of persons 0 to 4 years of age in the household is an even number or an odd number.

Reported for: Population in private households

Code	Description	Counts	Includes	
0	None	276,645	Households with no persons 0 to 4 years of age	
1	Odd	27,826		
2	Even	8,042		

HHINDB – Field 42

INDICATOR OF PERSONS 0 TO 17 YEARS OF AGE

Refers to whether the number of persons 0 to 17 years of age in the household is an even number or an odd number.

Reported for: Population in private households

Code	Description	Counts	Includes	
0	None	208,600	Households with no persons 0 to 17 years of age	
1	Odd	58,193		
2	Even	45,720		

HHPERA – Field 43

NUMBER OF PERSONS UNDER 5 YEARS OF AGE IN THE HOUSEHOLD

Refers to the classification of households by the number of persons 0 to 4 years of age in the household.

Reported for: Population in private households

Code	Description	Counts	Includes	
0	None	276,645		
1	One person	27,119		
2	Two persons	7,984		
3	Three or more persons	765		

HHPERB – Field 44

NUMBER OF PERSONS 5 TO 17 YEARS OF AGE IN THE HOUSEHOLD

Refers to the classification of households by the number of persons in the household who are 5 to 17 years of age.

Reported for: Population in private households

Code	Description	Counts	Includes	
8	Not available	72		
0	None	227,623		
1	One person	41,713		
2	Two persons	31,641		
3	Three or more persons	11,464		

HHPERD – Field 45

NUMBER OF PERSONS 18 TO 24 YEARS OF AGE IN THE HOUSEHOLD

Refers to the classification of households by the number of persons in the household who are 18 to 24 years of age.

Reported for: Population in private households

Code	Description	Counts	Includes	
8	Not available	42		
0	None	256,511		
1	One person	40,378		
2	Two persons	13,722		
3	Three or more persons	1,860		

HHPERE – Field 46

NUMBER OF PERSONS 25 TO 59 YEARS OF AGE IN THE HOUSEHOLD

Refers to the classification of households by the number of persons in the household who are 25 to 59 years of age.

Reported for: Population in private households

Code	Description	Counts	Includes	
8	Not available	630		
0	None	72,978		
1	One person	89,723		
2	Two persons	136,743		
3	Three persons	10,148		
4	Four or more persons	2,291		

HHPERF – Field 47

NUMBER OF PERSONS 60 TO 64 YEARS OF AGE IN THE HOUSEHOLD

Refers to the classification of households by the number of persons in the household who are 60 to 64 years of age.

Reported for: Population in private households

Code	Description	Counts	Includes	
8	Not available	16		
0	None	283,222		
1	One person	24,737		
2	Two or more persons	4,538		

HHPERG – Field 48

NUMBER OF PERSONS 65 TO 74 YEARS OF AGE IN THE HOUSEHOLD

Refers to the classification of households by the number of persons in the household who are 65 to 74 years of age.

Reported for: Population in private households

Code	Description	Counts	Includes	
8	Not available	16		
0	None	267,752		
1	One person	33,012		
2	Two or more persons	11,733		

HHPERH – Field 49

NUMBER OF PERSONS 75 YEARS OF AGE AND OVER IN THE HOUSEHOLD

Refers to the classification of households by the number of persons in the household who are 75 years of age and over.

Reported for: Population in private households

Code	Description	Counts	Includes	
8	Not available	16		
0	None	278,501		
1	One person	27,306		
2	Two or more persons	6,690		

HMAGE – Field 50

AGE OF THE PRIMARY HOUSEHOLD MAINTAINER

Refers to the age at last birthday (as of the census reference date, May 15, 2001). This variable is derived from date of birth. Age groups only are provided.

Reported for: Primary household maintainers 15 years of age and over in private households

Code	Description	Counts	Includes	
98	Not available	16		
1	15 to 24 years of age	11,927		
2	25 to 34 years of age	48,302		
3	35 to 44 years of age	74,516		
4	45 to 54 years of age	67,988		
5	55 to 64 years of age	44,776		
6	65 to 74 years of age	35,850		
7	75 to 79 years of age	14,402		
8	80 years of age and over	14,736		

SHMAGE – Field 51

AGE OF THE SPOUSE OR COMMON-LAW PARTNER OF THE PRIMARY HOUSEHOLD MAINTAINER

Refers to the age at last birthday (as of the census reference date, May 15, 2001). This variable is derived from date of birth. It indicates whether the spouse or common-law partner is in the same age group, in a younger age group or in an older age group than the primary household maintainer.

Reported for: Spouses or common-law partners of primary household maintainers 15 years of age and over in private households

Code	Description	Counts	Includes	
9	Not applicable	126,377	Households with no spouse or common-law partner of the primary household maintainer	
1	In the same age group as primary household maintainer	116,618		
	Younger than primary household maintainer:			
2	   Younger by one age group	46,505		
3	   Younger by two or more age groups	4,322		
	Older than primary household maintainer:			
4	   Older by one age group	17,259		
5	   Older by two or more age groups	1,432		

HMSEX – Field 52

SEX OF THE PRIMARY HOUSEHOLD MAINTAINER

Refers to the gender of the primary household maintainer.

Reported for: Primary household maintainers 15 years of age and over in private households

Code	Description	Counts	Includes	
1	Male	199,884		
2	Female	112,629		

HMMARST – Field 53

LEGAL MARITAL STATUS OF THE PRIMARY HOUSEHOLD MAINTAINER

Refers to the legal conjugal status of the primary household maintainer. Common-law partners may have any legal marital status other than “Legally married (and not separated)”. Data on legal marital status are available for 1991, 1996 and 2001. For a longer historical perspective, use the “Historical Comparability Indicator of Marital Status” variable.

Note: Use the “Primary Household Maintainer’s Economic Family Status” variable to disaggregate data on common-law partners, lone parents and unattached individuals.

Reported for: Primary household maintainers 15 years of age and over in private households

Code	Description	Counts	Includes	
1	Divorced	36,726	Persons who have obtained a legal divorce and who have not remarried	
2	Legally married (and not separated)	157,671	Persons whose husband or wife is living, unless the couple is separated or a divorce has been obtained	
3	Separated, but still legally married	14,903	Persons currently married, but who are no longer living with their spouse (for any reason other than illness or work) and have not obtained a divorce	
4	Never married (single)	71,989	Persons who have never married (including all persons less than 15 years of age) and persons whose marriage has been annulled and who have not remarried	
5	Widowed	31,224	Persons who have lost their spouse through death and who have not remarried	

SHMMARST – Field 54

LEGAL MARITAL STATUS OF THE SPOUSE OR COMMON-LAW PARTNER
OF THE PRIMARY HOUSEHOLD MAINTAINER

Refers to the legal conjugal status of a person. Common-law partners may have any legal marital status other than “Legally married (and not separated)”. Data on legal marital status are available for 1991, 1996 and 2001. For a longer historical perspective, use the “Historical Comparability Indicator of Marital Status” variable.

Note: Use the “Primary Household Maintainer’s Economic Family Status” variable to disaggregate data on common-law partners, lone parents and unattached individuals. 

Reported for: Spouses or common-law partners of primary household maintainers 15 years of age and over in private households

Code	Description	Counts	Includes	
9	Not applicable	126,377	Households with no spouse or common-law partner of the primary household maintainer	
1	Divorced	7,327	Persons who have obtained a legal divorce and who have not remarried	
2	Legally married (and not separated)	155,653	Persons whose husband or wife is living, unless the couple is separated or a divorce has been obtained	
3	Separated, but still legally married	1,664	Persons currently married, but who are no longer living with their spouse (for any reason other than illness or work) and have not obtained a divorce	
4	Never married (single)	20,713	Persons who have never married (including all persons less than 15 years of age) and persons whose marriage has been annulled and who have not remarried	
5	Widowed	779	Persons who have lost their spouse through death and who have not remarried	

HMHRST – Field 55

HISTORICAL COMPARABILITY INDICATOR OF MARITAL STATUS FOR THE PRIMARY
HOUSEHOLD MAINTAINER

In 1991, 1996 and 2001, a direct question on common-law status was included. Before 1991, persons living common-law were instructed to report themselves as married in the “Marital Status” variable. To conduct longer historical comparisons with previous censuses, this variable includes common-law partners under the “Married” category. To examine the legal marital status of common-law partners, use the “Legal Marital Status” variable.

Note: Use the “Primary Household Maintainer’s Economic Family Status” variable to disaggregate data on common-law partners, lone parents and unattached individuals.

Reported for: Primary household maintainers 15 years of age and over in private households

Code	Description	Counts	Includes	
1	Divorced	29,145		
2	Married (including common-law)	188,154	Spouses and common-law partners	
3	Separated	13,277		
4	Never married (single)	51,700		
5	Widowed	30,237		

SHMHRST – Field 56

HISTORICAL COMPARABILITY INDICATOR OF MARITAL STATUS FOR THE SPOUSE
OR COMMON-LAW PARTNER OF THE PRIMARY HOUSEHOLD MAINTAINER

In 1991, 1996 and 2001, a direct question on common-law status was included in the census questionnaire. Before 1991, persons living common law were instructed to report themselves as married under the “Marital Status” variable. To conduct longer historical comparisons with previous censuses, this variable includes common-law partners under the “Married” category. To examine the legal marital status of common-law partners, use the “Legal Marital Status” variable.

Note: Use the “Primary Household Maintainer’s Economic Family Status” variable to disaggregate data on common-law partners, lone parents and unattached individuals. 

Reported for: Spouses or common-law partners of primary household maintainers 15 years of age and over in private households

Code	Description	Counts	Includes	
9	Not applicable	126,377	Households with no spouse or common-law partner of the primary household maintainer	
1	Married (including common law)	186,136	Spouses and common-law partners	

HMPOB – Field 57

PLACE OF BIRTH OF THE PRIMARY HOUSEHOLD MAINTAINER

Refers to specific provinces or territories for respondents in Canada, or to specific countries if born outside Canada.

Note: Respondents were asked to indicate their place of birth according to the boundaries in existence on Census Day, May 15, 2001.

Census respondents born in an area of Canada that was formerly part of the Northwest Territories at the time of their birth but which is now a part of Nunavut were to report “Nunavut”.

Persons born in Newfoundland or Labrador before that province joined Confederation in 1949 were to report “Newfoundland”.

Persons born in any of the six counties of Northern Ireland were to report “United Kingdom”, while persons born in one of the counties of the Republic of Ireland were to report “EIRE”.

Respondents born in the former USSR, the former Yugoslavia or the former Czechoslovakia were to report the name of the independent country or republic according to the boundaries in existence on Census Day, May 15, 2001.

If the respondent was not sure of the country of birth because of boundary changes, the name of the nearest city, state or province was to be written in the space provided.

For a comparison of places of birth available in 2001, 1996 and 1991, see the 2001 Census Dictionary, Catalogue No. 92-378-XIE (Appendix J).

Reported for: Primary household maintainers 15 years of age and over in private households

Code	Description	Counts	Includes	
8	Not available	16		
	Born in Canada:			
1	   In province or territory of residence	195,787		
2	   Outside province or territory of residence	47,045		
	Born outside Canada:			
3	   United States	3,321		
4	   Europe	34,024	Austria; Belgium; France; United Kingdom; Germany; Italy; Netherlands; Liechtenstein; Luxembourg; Monaco; Switzerland; Bulgaria; Czechoslovakia, n.i.e.; Czech Republic; Slovakia; Hungary; Poland; Romania; Republic of Ireland (EIRE); Denmark; Finland; Iceland; Norway; Sweden; Albania; Andorra; Gibraltar; Greece; Malta; Portugal; San Marino; Spain; Vatican City State; Bosnia and Herzegovina; Croatia; Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia; Slovenia; Yugoslavia; Estonia; Latvia; Lithuania; Belarus; Republic of Moldova; Russian Federation; Ukraine; USSR, n.i.e.	
5	   Asia	20,392	All countries of Asia, including Eastern Asia, Southern Asia, South-East Asia, West Central Asia and the Middle East	
6	   Other countries and regions	11,928	Countries of Africa, Caribbean and Bermuda, South and Central America; other countries and regions not elsewhere classified	

SHMPOB – Field 58

PLACE OF BIRTH OF THE SPOUSE OR COMMON-LAW PARTNER
OF THE PRIMARY HOUSEHOLD MAINTAINER

Refers to specific provinces or territories for respondents who were born in Canada, or to specific countries if born outside Canada.

Note: Respondents were asked to indicate their place of birth according to the boundaries in existence on Census Day, May 15, 2001.

Census respondents born in an area of Canada that was formerly part of the Northwest Territories at the time of their birth but which is now a part of Nunavut were to report “Nunavut”.

Persons born in Newfoundland or Labrador before that province joined Confederation in 1949 were to report “Newfoundland”.

Persons born in any of the six counties of Northern Ireland were to report “United Kingdom”, while persons born in one of the counties of the Republic of Ireland were to report “EIRE”.

Respondents born in the former USSR, the former Yugoslavia or the former Czechoslovakia were to report the name of the independent country or republic according to the boundaries in existence on Census Day, May 15, 2001.

If the respondent was not sure of the country of birth because of boundary changes, the name of the nearest city, state or province was to be written in the space provided.

For a comparison of places of birth available in 2001, 1996 and 1991, see the 2001 Census Dictionary, Catalogue No. 92-378-XIE (Appendix J).

Reported for: Spouses or common-law partners of primary household maintainers 15 years of age and over in private households

Code	Description	Counts	Includes	
8	Not available	24		
9	Not applicable	126,377	Households with no spouse or common-law partner of the primary household maintainer	
	Born in Canada:			
1	   In province or territory of residence	113,942		
2	   Outside province or territory of residence	27,204		
	Born outside Canada:			
3	   United States	2,450		
4	   Europe	20,380	Austria; Belgium; France; United Kingdom; Germany; Italy; Netherlands; Liechtenstein; Luxembourg; Monaco; Switzerland; Bulgaria; Czechoslovakia, n.i.e.; Czech Republic; Slovakia; Hungary; Poland; Romania; Republic of Ireland (EIRE); Denmark; Finland; Iceland; Norway; Sweden; Albania; Andorra; Gibraltar; Greece; Malta; Portugal; San Marino; Spain; Vatican City State; Bosnia and Herzegovina; Croatia; Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia; Slovenia; Yugoslavia; Estonia; Latvia; Lithuania; Belarus; Republic of Moldova; Russian Federation; Ukraine; USSR, n.i.e.	
5	   Asia	15,216	All countries of Asia, including Eastern Asia, Southern Asia, South-East Asia, West Central Asia and the Middle East	
6	   Other countries and regions	6,920	Countries of Africa, Caribbean and Bermuda, South and Central America; other countries and regions not elsewhere classified	

HMPOBMT – Field 59

PLACE OF BIRTH OF MOTHER OF THE PRIMARY HOUSEHOLD MAINTAINER

Refers to the country where the respondent’s mother was born.

Note: Respondents were asked to indicate the place of birth of their mother according to the boundaries in existence on Census Day, May 15, 2001.

Responses: Born in Canada; Born outside Canada – Specify country.

See the 2001 Census Dictionary (Appendix J), Catalogue No. 92-378-XIE, for places of birth collected in the 2001 Census.

A question on the birthplace of parents was last asked in the 1971 Census.

Reported for: Primary household maintainers 15 years of age and over in private households

Code	Description	Counts	Includes	
8	Not available	16		
1	Born in Canada	209,401		
	Born outside Canada:			
2	   United States	6,356		
3	   Europe	62,747	Austria; Belgium; France; United Kingdom; Germany; Italy; Netherlands; Liechtenstein; Luxembourg; Monaco; Switzerland; Bulgaria; Czechoslovakia, n.i.e.; Czech Republic; Slovakia; Hungary; Poland; Romania; Republic of Ireland (EIRE); Denmark; Finland; Iceland; Norway; Sweden; Albania; Andorra; Gibraltar; Greece; Malta; Portugal; San Marino; Spain; Vatican City State; Bosnia and Herzegovina; Croatia; Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia; Slovenia; Yugoslavia; Estonia; Latvia; Lithuania; Belarus; Republic of Moldova; Russian Federation; Ukraine; USSR, n.i.e.	
4	   Asia	21,986	All countries of Asia, including Eastern Asia, Southern Asia, South‑East Asia, West Central Asia and the Middle East	
5	   Other countries and regions	12,007	The countries of Africa, South and Central America, Caribbean and Bermuda, Oceania and other countries and regions not elsewhere classified	

SHMPOBMT – Field 60

PLACE OF BIRTH OF MOTHER OF THE SPOUSE OR COMMON-LAW PARTNER
OF THE PRIMARY HOUSEHOLD MAINTAINER

Refers to the country where the respondent’s mother was born.

Note: Respondents were asked to indicate the place of birth of their mother according to the boundaries in existence on Census Day, May 15, 2001.

Responses: Born in Canada; Born outside Canada – Specify country.

See the 2001 Census Dictionary (Appendix J), Catalogue No. 92-378-XIE, for places of birth collected in the 2001 Census.

A question on the birthplace of parents was last asked in the 1971 Census.

Reported for: Spouses or common-law partners of primary household maintainers 15 years of age and over in private households

Code	Description	Counts	Includes	
8	Not available	24		
9	Not applicable	126,377	Households with no spouse or common-law partner of the primary household maintainer	
1	Born in Canada	123,337		
	Born outside Canada:			
2	   United States	3,689		
3	   Europe	36,227	Austria; Belgium; France; United Kingdom; Germany; Italy; Netherlands; Liechtenstein; Luxembourg; Monaco; Switzerland; Bulgaria; Czechoslovakia, n.i.e.; Czech Republic; Slovakia; Hungary; Poland; Romania; Republic of Ireland (EIRE); Denmark; Finland; Iceland; Norway; Sweden; Albania; Andorra; Gibraltar; Greece; Malta; Portugal; San Marino; Spain; Vatican City State; Bosnia and Herzegovina; Croatia; Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia; Slovenia; Yugoslavia; Estonia; Latvia; Lithuania; Belarus; Republic of Moldova; Russian Federation; Ukraine; USSR, n.i.e.	
4	   Asia	16,090	All countries of Asia, including Eastern Asia, Southern Asia, South‑East Asia, West Central Asia and the Middle East	
5	   Other countries and regions	6,769	The countries of Africa, South and Central America, Caribbean and Bermuda, Oceania and other countries and regions not elsewhere classified	

HMPOBFT – Field 61

PLACE OF BIRTH OF FATHER OF THE PRIMARY HOUSEHOLD MAINTAINER

Refers to the country where the respondent’s father was born.

Note: Respondents were asked to indicate the place of birth of their father according to the boundaries in existence on Census Day, May 15, 2001.

Responses: Born in Canada; Born outside Canada – Specify country.

See the 2001 Census Dictionary (Appendix J), Catalogue No. 92-378-XIE, for places of birth collected in the 2001 Census.

A question on the birthplace of parents was last asked in the 1971 Census.

Reported for: Primary household maintainers 15 years of age and over in private households

Code	Description	Counts	Includes	
8	Not available	16		
1	Born in Canada	205,077		
	Born outside Canada:			
2	   United States	6,177		
3	   Europe	66,931	Austria; Belgium; France; United Kingdom; Germany; Italy; Netherlands; Liechtenstein; Luxembourg; Monaco; Switzerland; Bulgaria; Czechoslovakia, n.i.e.; Czech Republic; Slovakia; Hungary; Poland; Romania; Republic of Ireland (EIRE); Denmark; Finland; Iceland; Norway; Sweden; Albania; Andorra; Gibraltar; Greece; Malta; Portugal; San Marino; Spain; Vatican City State; Bosnia and Herzegovina; Croatia; Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia; Slovenia; Yugoslavia; Estonia; Latvia; Lithuania; Belarus; Republic of Moldova; Russian Federation; Ukraine; USSR, n.i.e.	
4	   Asia	22,303	All countries of Asia, including Eastern Asia, Southern Asia, South‑East Asia, West Central Asia and the Middle East	
5	   Other countries and regions	12,009	The countries of Africa, South and Central America, Caribbean and Bermuda, Oceania and other countries and regions not elsewhere classified	

SHMPOBFT – Field 62

PLACE OF BIRTH OF FATHER OF THE SPOUSE OR COMMON-LAW PARTNER
OF THE PRIMARY HOUSEHOLD MAINTAINER

Refers to the country where the respondent’s father was born.

Note: Respondents were asked to indicate the place of birth of their father according to the boundaries in existence on Census Day, May 15, 2001.

Responses: Born in Canada; Born outside Canada – Specify country.

See the 2001 Census Dictionary (Appendix J), Catalogue No. 92-378-XIE, for places of birth collected in the 2001 Census.

A question on the birthplace of parents was last asked in the 1971 Census.

Reported for: Spouses or common-law partners of primary household maintainers 15 years of age and over in private households

Code	Description	Counts	Includes	
8	Not available	24		
9	Not applicable	126,377	Households with no spouse or common-law partner of the primary household maintainer	
1	Born in Canada	120,955		
	Born outside Canada:			
2	   United States	3,737		
3	   Europe	38,436	Austria; Belgium; France; United Kingdom; Germany; Italy; Netherlands; Liechtenstein; Luxembourg; Monaco; Switzerland; Bulgaria; Czechoslovakia, n.i.e.; Czech Republic; Slovakia; Hungary; Poland; Romania; Republic of Ireland (EIRE); Denmark; Finland; Iceland; Norway; Sweden; Albania; Andorra; Gibraltar; Greece; Malta; Portugal; San Marino; Spain; Vatican City State; Bosnia and Herzegovina; Croatia; Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia; Slovenia; Yugoslavia; Estonia; Latvia; Lithuania; Belarus; Republic of Moldova; Russian Federation; Ukraine; USSR, n.i.e.	
4	   Asia	16,236	All countries of Asia, including Eastern Asia, Southern Asia, South‑East Asia, West Central Asia and the Middle East	
5	   Other countries and regions	6,748	The countries of Africa, South and Central America, Caribbean and Bermuda, Oceania and other countries and regions not elsewhere classified	

HMGENST – Field 63

GENERATION STATUS OF THE PRIMARY HOUSEHOLD MAINTAINER

Generation status of the respondent, i.e. “1st”, “2nd” or “3rd +” generation, refers to whether the respondent or the respondent’s parents were born in or outside Canada.

Note: Respondents were asked to indicate their place of birth, as well as the place of birth of their parents, according to the boundaries in existence on Census Day, May 15, 2001.

A question on the birthplace of parents was last asked in the 1971 Census.

First generation refers to persons 15 years of age and over who were born outside Canada.

Second generation refers to persons 15 years of age and over who were born in Canada and had at least one parent born outside Canada.

Third generation and over refers to persons 15 years of age and over who were born in Canada and whose parents were born in Canada.

Reported for: Primary household maintainers 15 years of age and over in private households

Code	Description	Counts	Includes	
8	Not available	16		
1	1st generation	69,665		
	2nd generation:			
2	   Both parents born outside Canada	24,791		
3	   One parent born outside Canada	25,515		
4	3rd generation and over	192,526		

SHMGENST – Field 64

GENERATION STATUS OF THE SPOUSE OR COMMON-LAW PARTNER OF THE
PRIMARY HOUSEHOLD MAINTAINER

Generation status of the respondent, i.e. “1st”, “2nd” or “3rd +” generation, refers to whether the respondent or the respondent’s parents were born in or outside Canada.

Note: Respondents were asked to indicate their place of birth, as well as the place of birth of their parents, according to the boundaries in existence on Census Day, May 15, 2001.

A question on the birthplace of parents was last asked in the 1971 Census.

First generation refers to persons 15 years of age and over who were born outside Canada.

Second generation refers to persons 15 years of age and over who were born in Canada and had at least one parent born outside Canada.

Third generation and over refers to persons 15 years of age and over who were born in Canada and whose parents were born in Canada.

Reported for: Spouses or common-law partners of primary household maintainers 15 years of age and over in private households

Code	Description	Counts	Includes	
8	Not available	24		
9	Not applicable	126,377	Households with no spouse or common-law partner of the primary household maintainer	
1	1st generation	44,966		
	2nd generation:			
2	   Both parents born outside Canada	13,171		
3	   One parent born outside Canada	13,846		
4	3rd generation and over	114,129		

HMCIT – Field 65

CITIZENSHIP STATUS OF THE PRIMARY HOUSEHOLD MAINTAINER

Refers to the legal citizenship status of the respondent. Persons who are citizens of more than one country were instructed to provide the name of the other country(ies).

Note: Canadian citizens were asked to distinguish between Canadian citizenship by birth and Canadian citizenship by naturalization. Persons who were born outside Canada and who are Canadian citizens by birth were requested to report “Canada, by birth”.

In 2001, as in 1996, a space was provided for a write-in response, as well as for the mark-in responses of “Canada, by birth” and “Canada, by naturalization”. Respondents could write in a country of citizenship other than Canada. Multiple responses to the citizenship question were also accepted.

Reported for: Primary household maintainers 15 years of age and over in private households

Code	Description	Counts	Includes	
8	Not available	16		
	Canadian citizenship:			
1	   Canada, by birth	243,493	Canada, by birth; Canada, by birth and other country(ies)	
2	   Canada, by naturalization	54,410	Canada, by naturalization; Canada, by naturalization and other country(ies)	
	Citizenship other than Canadian:			
3	   Other countries	14,594	Citizens of country(ies) other than Canada; persons who are stateless	

SHMCIT – Field 66

CITIZENSHIP STATUS OF THE SPOUSE OR COMMON-LAW PARTNER
OF THE PRIMARY HOUSEHOLD MAINTAINER

Refers to the legal citizenship status of the respondent. Persons who are citizens of more than one country were instructed to provide the name of the other country(ies).

Note: Canadian citizens were asked to distinguish between Canadian citizenship by birth and Canadian citizenship by naturalization. Persons who were born outside Canada and who are Canadian citizens by birth were requested to report “Canada, by birth”.

In 2001, as in 1996, a space was provided for a write-in response, as well as for the mark-in responses of “Canada, by birth” and “Canada, by naturalization”. Respondents could write in a country of citizenship other than Canada. Multiple responses to the citizenship question were also accepted.

Reported for: Spouses or common-law partners of primary household maintainers 15 years of age and over in private households

Code	Description	Counts	Includes	
8	Not available	24		
9	Not applicable	126,377	Households with no spouse or common-law partner of the primary household maintainer	
	Canadian citizenship:			
1	   Canada, by birth	141,493	Canada, by birth; Canada, by birth and other country(ies)	
2	   Canada, by naturalization	32,859	Canada, by naturalization; Canada, by naturalization and other country(ies) 	
	Citizenship other than Canadian:			
3	   Other countries	11,760	Citizens of country(ies) other than Canada; persons who are stateless	

HMIMMST – Field 67

IMMIGRANT STATUS OF THE PRIMARY HOUSEHOLD MAINTAINER

This variable indicates whether this person is a non-immigrant, landed immigrant or non-permanent resident. A non-immigrant is a person who is a Canadian citizen by birth. A landed immigrant is a person who has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. A non-permanent resident is a person from another country who had an employment authorization, a student authorization, or a Minister’s permit, or who was a refugee claimant at the time of the census, and family members living here with him or her.

Note: The inclusion of the non-permanent resident population represents a change for the 1991, 1996 and 2001 Censuses. Previous censuses excluded persons holding authorizations, visas and permits, as well as refugee claimants (except in 1941). Users should be aware of this expanded population when making comparative analyses across census years.

Reported for: Primary household maintainers 15 years of age and over in private households

Code	Description	Counts	Includes	
8	Not available	16		
1	Non-immigrants	243,493		
2	Immigrants	67,219		
3	Non-permanent residents	1,785		

SHMIMMST – Field 68

IMMIGRANT STATUS OF THE SPOUSE OR COMMON-LAW PARTNER
OF THE PRIMARY HOUSEHOLD MAINTAINER

This variable indicates whether this person is a non-immigrant, landed immigrant or non-permanent resident. A non-immigrant is a person who is a Canadian citizen by birth. A landed immigrant is a person who has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. A non-permanent resident is a person from another country who had an employment authorization, a student authorization, or a Minister’s permit, or who was a refugee claimant at the time of the census, and family members living here with him or her.

Note: The inclusion of the non-permanent resident population represents a change for the 1991, 1996 and 2001 Censuses. Previous censuses excluded persons holding authorizations, visas and permits, as well as refugee claimants (except in 1941). Users should be aware of this expanded population when making comparative analyses across census years.

Reported for: Spouses or common-law partners of primary household maintainers 15 years of age and over in private households

Code	Description	Counts	Includes	
8	Not available	24		
9	Not applicable	126,377	Households with no spouse or common-law partner of the primary household maintainer	
1	Non-immigrants	141,493		
2	Immigrants	43,516		
3	Non-permanent residents	1,103		

HMIMMIG – Field 69

YEAR OF IMMIGRATION OF THE PRIMARY HOUSEHOLD MAINTAINER

Refers to the year in which landed immigrant status was first obtained. A landed immigrant is a person who has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities.

Reported for: Primary household maintainers 15 years of age and over in private households

Code	Description	Counts	Includes	
8	Not available	16		
9	Not applicable	245,278	Primary household maintainers who are Canadian citizens by birth or non-permanent residents	
1	Before 1961	15,397		
2	1961-1970	11,623		
3	1971-1980	13,123		
4	1981-1990	11,597		
5	1991-1995	7,980		
6	1996-2001	7,499	First four months of 2001 only	

SHMIMMIG – Field 70

YEAR OF IMMIGRATION OF THE SPOUSE OR COMMON-LAW PARTNER
OF THE PRIMARY HOUSEHOLD MAINTAINER

Refers to the year in which landed immigrant status was first obtained. A landed immigrant is a person who has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities.

Reported for: Spouses or common-law partners of primary household maintainers 15 years of age and over in private households

Code	Description	Counts	Includes	
8	Not available	24		
9	Not applicable	268,973	Households where the spouse or common-law partner of the primary household maintainer is a Canadian citizen by birth or a non-permanent resident and households with no spouse or common-law partner of the primary household maintainer	
1	Before 1961	7,405		
2	1961-1970	7,132		
3	1971-1980	8,576		
4	1981-1990	7,945		
5	1991-1995	6,014		
6	1996-2001	6,444	First four months of 2001 only	

HMETH – Field 71

ETHNIC ORIGIN OF THE PRIMARY HOUSEHOLD MAINTAINER

Refers to the ethnic or cultural group(s) to which the respondent’s ancestors belonged.

The ethnic origin question refers to the “roots” of the population of Canada and should not be confused with citizenship or nationality.

Caution should be used in comparing ethnic origin data across censuses. Comparability of data between the 2001 Census and previous censuses has been affected by several factors, including changes in the question wording, format, examples, instructions and data processing, as well as by the social environment at the time of the census.

In the 1991, 1996 and 2001 Censuses, respondents were asked “To which ethnic or cultural group(s) did this person’s ancestors belong?” However, in 1996, the format of the ethnic origin question was changed. The 1991 Census question included 15 mark-in categories and two write-in spaces. The 1996 and 2001 questions did not include any mark-in categories. Respondents were required to write in their ethnic origin(s) in four write-in spaces.

It should be noted that, prior to the 1981 Census, only the respondent’s paternal ancestry was to be reported. If multiple ethnic origins were reported, only one origin was captured, resulting in one ethnic origin per respondent. In 1981, this restriction was removed, allowing for multiple ethnic origins. One write-in space was provided on the 1981 questionnaire, in addition to the mark-in boxes.

The 1986 Census questionnaire allowed respondents to write in up to three ethnic origins not included in the mark-in boxes. In 1991, respondents could write in up to two ethnic origins not included in the mark-in circles. In 1996 and 2001, four write-in boxes were provided on the questionnaire, and up to six ethnic origins were captured.

For more information on the comparability of ethnic origin data between censuses, see Chapter IV, Other Factors Affecting Data Reliability.

This variable enables users to determine the ethnic distribution of the population based on selected single responses (persons who provided one ethnic origin only) and selected multiple-response categories (persons who reported more than one ethnic origin.) There is no double counting of the population of this variable. Persons who provided more than one ethnic origin are included in only one of the multiple‑response categories. The sum of single and multiple responses is equal to the total population.

This variable also enables users to derive total counts for British Isles, French and Canadian ethnic categories. The “British Isles single ethnic category” can be obtained from Code 1 and the “British Isles multiple ethnic category” can be obtained by combining Codes 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 15, 16 and 17. Counts for “Total British Isles origins” can be derived by adding the “British Isles single ethnic category” and the “British Isles multiple ethnic category”. The “French single ethnic category” can be obtained from Code 2 and the “French multiple ethnic category” can be obtained by combining Codes 7, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16 and 17. Counts for “Total French origins” can be derived by adding the “French single ethnic category” and the “French multiple ethnic category”. Users should be careful when interpreting total counts for the British Isles, French and Canadian ethnic categories because persons who reported a combination of British Isles, French and/or Canadian origins will be counted more than once. For example, a person who responded “British Isles and French” will be included in both the “British Isles multiple ethnic category” and the “French multiple ethnic category”.

For further information, see the 2001 Census Dictionary, Catalogue No. 92‑378‑XIE. Also refer to the document entitled 2001 Census Ethnic Origin User Guide, Catalogue No. 92‑403‑GIE.

Reported for: Primary household maintainers 15 years of age and over in private households

Code	Description	Counts	Includes	
8	Not available	16		
	Single origins:		A single response occurs when a respondent provides one ethnic origin only	
1	   British Isles origins	36,084	Respondent reported only one of the following origins: English; Irish; Scottish; Welsh; British, n.i.e.	
2	   French origins	13,836	Respondent reported only one of the following origins: French; Acadian	
3	   Canadian	69,188	Canadian single responses only	
4	   Aboriginal origins	4,573	Respondent reported only one of the following origins: Inuit; Métis; North American Indian	
5	   Other single origins	75,593	Respondent reported only one of the following origins: Newfoundlander; other provincial origins; all remaining single origins	
6	Multiple origins	113,223	A multiple response occurs when a respondent provides two or more ethnic origins	

SHMETH – Field 72

ETHNIC ORIGIN OF THE SPOUSE OR COMMON-LAW PARTNER
OF THE PRIMARY HOUSEHOLD MAINTAINER

Refers to the ethnic or cultural group(s) to which the respondent’s ancestors belonged.

The ethnic origin question refers to the “roots” of the population of Canada and should not be confused with citizenship or nationality. 

Caution should be used in comparing ethnic origin data across censuses. Comparability of data between the 2001 Census and previous censuses has been affected by several factors, including changes in the question wording, format, examples, instructions and data processing, as well as by the social environment at the time of the census.

In the 1991, 1996 and 2001 censuses, respondents were asked “To which ethnic or cultural group(s) did this person’s ancestors belong?” However, in 1996, the format of the ethnic origin question was changed. The 1991 Census question included 15 mark-in categories and two write-in spaces. The 1996 and 2001 questions did not include any mark-in categories. Respondents were required to write in their ethnic origin(s) in four write-in spaces.

It should be noted that, prior to the 1981 Census, only the respondent’s paternal ancestry was to be reported. If multiple ethnic origins were reported, only one origin was captured, resulting in one ethnic origin per respondent. In 1981, this restriction was removed, allowing for multiple ethnic origins. One write-in space was provided on the 1981 questionnaire, in addition to the mark-in boxes.

The 1986 Census questionnaire allowed respondents to write in up to three ethnic origins not included in the mark-in boxes. In 1991, respondents could write in up to two ethnic origins not included in the mark-in circles. In 1996 and 2001, four write-in spaces were provided on the questionnaire, and up to six ethnic origins were captured.

For more information on the comparability of ethnic origin data between censuses, see Chapter IV, Other Factors Affecting Data Reliability.

This variable enables users to determine the ethnic distribution of the population based on selected single responses (persons who provided one ethnic origin only) and selected multiple response categories (persons who reported more than one ethnic origin.) There is no double counting of the population of this variable. Persons who provided more than one ethnic origin are included in only one of the multiple‑response categories. The sum of single and multiple responses is equal to the total population.

This variable also enables users to derive total counts for British Isles, French and Canadian ethnic categories. The “British Isles single ethnic category” can be obtained from Code 1 and the “British Isles multiple ethnic category” can be obtained by combining Codes 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 15, 16 and 17. Counts for “Total British Isles origins” can be derived by adding the “British Isles single ethnic category” and the “British Isles multiple ethnic category”. The “French single ethnic category” can be obtained from Code 2 and the “French multiple ethnic category” can be obtained by combining Codes 7, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16 and 17. Counts for “Total French origins” can be derived by adding the “French single ethnic category” and the “French multiple ethnic category”. Users should be careful when interpreting total counts for the British Isles, French and Canadian ethnic categories because persons who reported a combination of British Isles, French and/or Canadian origins will be counted more than once. For example, a person who responded “British Isles and French” will be included in both the “British Isles multiple ethnic category” and the “French multiple ethnic category”.

For further information, see the 2001 Census Dictionary, Catalogue No. 92-378-XIE. Also refer to the document entitled 2001 Census Ethnic Origin User Guide, Catalogue No. 92-403-GIE.
Reported for: Spouses or common-law partners of primary household maintainers 15 years of age and over in private households

Code	Description	Counts	Includes	
8	Not available	24		
9	Not applicable	126,377	Households with no spouse or common-law partner of the primary household maintainer	
	Single origins:		A single response occurs when a respondent provides one ethnic origin only	
1	   British Isles origins	20,610	Respondent reported only one of the following origins: English; Irish; Scottish; Welsh; British, n.i.e.	
2	   French origins	8,114	Respondent reported only one of the following origins: French; Acadian	
3	   Canadian	40,441	Canadian single responses only	
4	   Aboriginal origins	2,315	Respondent reported only one of the following origins: Inuit; Métis; North American Indian	
5	   Other single origins	47,463	Respondent reported only one of the following origins: Newfoundlander; other provincial origins; all remaining single origins	
6	Multiple origins	67,169	A multiple response occurs when a respondent provides two or more ethnic origins	

HMREL – Field 73

RELIGION GROUP OF THE PRIMARY HOUSEHOLD MAINTAINER

“Religion group” refers to the specific religious denominations, groups or bodies as well as other religiously defined communities or systems of belief.

For further information, see the 2001 Census Dictionary, Catalogue No. 92-378-XIE (Appendix L). Also refer to the document entitled 2001 Census Religion User Guide, Catalogue No. 92-402-GIE.

Reported for: Primary household maintainers 15 years of age and over in private households

Code	Description	Counts	Includes	
1	Catholic	137,014	Roman Catholic, Ukrainian Catholic, Polish National Catholic Church, and Other Catholic 	
2	Protestant	97,172	United Church, Anglican, Lutheran, Adventist, Moravian, etc.	
3	Other religions	27,999	Christian Orthodox such as Greek Orthodox, Romanian Orthodox, Russian Orthodox, etc., Christian, n.i.e., Muslim, Jewish, Buddhist, Hindu, Sikh, Baha’i, Jains, Shinto, Taoïst, Zoroastrian and smaller Eastern religions, religions not encompassed in the previous categories such as Pagan, Scientology, Rastafarian, etc.	
4	No religious affiliation	50,328	“Humanist”, “Agnostic”, “Atheist”, “No religion”, “Existentialism”, “Darwinism”	

SHMREL – Field 74

RELIGION GROUP OF THE SPOUSE OR COMMON-LAW PARTNER
OF THE PRIMARY HOUSEHOLD MAINTAINER

“Religion group” refers to the specific religious denominations, groups or bodies as well as other religiously defined communities or systems of belief.

For further information, see the 2001 Census Dictionary, Catalogue No. 92-378-XIE (Appendix L). Also refer to the document entitled 2001 Census Religion User Guide, Catalogue No. 92-402-GIE.

Reported for: Spouses or common-law partners of primary household maintainers 15 years of age and over in private households

Code	Description	Counts	Includes	
9	Not applicable	126,377	Households with no spouse or common‑law partner of the primary household maintainer	
1	Catholic	82,689	Roman Catholic, Ukrainian Catholic, Polish National Catholic Church and Other Catholic	
2	Protestant	60,458	United Church, Anglican, Lutheran, Adventist, Moravian, etc.	
3	Other religions	18,089	Christian Orthodox such as Greek Orthodox, Romanian Orthodox, Russian Orthodox, etc., Christian, n.i.e., Muslim, Jewish, Buddhist, Hindu, Sikh, Baha’i, Jains, Shinto, Taoïst, Zoroastrian and smaller Eastern religions, religions not encompassed in the previous categories such as Pagan, Scientology, Rastafarian, etc.	
4	No religious affiliation	24,900	“Humanist”, “Agnostic”, “Atheist”, “No religion”, “Existentialism”, “Darwinism”	

HMOLN – Field 75

KNOWLEDGE OF OFFICIAL LANGUAGES OF THE PRIMARY HOUSEHOLD MAINTAINER

Refers to the ability of the primary household maintainer to conduct a conversation in English only, in French only, in both English and French or in neither of the official languages of Canada.

Reported for: Primary household maintainers 15 years of age and over in private households

Code	Description	Counts	Includes	
8	Not available	16		
1	English only	208,186		
2	French only	39,311		
3	Both English and French	61,647		
4	Neither English nor French	3,353		

SHMOLN – Field 76

KNOWLEDGE OF OFFICIAL LANGUAGES OF THE SPOUSE OR COMMON-LAW PARTNER
OF THE PRIMARY HOUSEHOLD MAINTAINER

Refers to the ability of the spouse or common-law partner of the primary household maintainer to conduct a conversation in English only, in French only, in both English and French or in neither of the official languages of Canada.

Reported for: Spouses or common-law partners of primary household maintainers 15 years of age and over in private households

Code	Description	Counts	Includes	
8	Not available	24		
9	Not applicable	126,377	Households with no spouse or common-law partner of the primary household maintainer	
1	English only	126,868		
2	French only	24,220		
3	Both English and French	32,267		
4	Neither English nor French	2,757		

HMMTN – Field 77

MOTHER TONGUE OF THE PRIMARY HOUSEHOLD MAINTAINER

Refers to the first language learned at home in childhood and still understood by the primary household maintainer at the time of the census.

Reported for: Primary household maintainers 15 years of age and over in private households

Code	Description	Counts	Includes	
8	Not available	16		
	Single responses:			
1	   English only	176,007		
2	   French only	77,446		
3	   Other	55,413	All remaining single responses	
	Multiple responses:			
4	   English and French	1,201		
5	   Other multiple responses	2,430		

SHMMTN – Field 78

MOTHER TONGUE OF THE SPOUSE OR COMMON-LAW PARTNER
OF THE PRIMARY HOUSEHOLD MAINTAINER

Refers to the first language learned at home in childhood and still understood by the spouse or common‑law partner of the primary household maintainer at the time of the census.

Reported for: Spouses or common-law partners of primary household maintainers 15 years of age and over in private households

Code	Description	Counts	Includes	
8	Not available	24		
9	Not applicable	126,377	Households with no spouse or common-law partner of the primary household maintainer	
	Single responses:			
1	   English only	104,312		
2	   French only	43,348		
3	   Other	36,541	All remaining single responses	
	Multiple responses:			
4	   English and French	545		
5	   Other multiple responses	1,366		

HMHLN – Field 79

HOME LANGUAGE MOST OFTEN SPOKEN BY THE PRIMARY HOUSEHOLD MAINTAINER

Refers to the language spoken most often at home by the primary household maintainer at the time of the census.

Reported for: Primary household maintainers 15 years of age and over in private households

Code	Description	Counts	Includes	
8	Not available	16		
	Single responses:			
1	   English only	207,586		
2	   French only	73,467		
3	   Other	26,493	All remaining single responses	
	Multiple responses:			
4	   English and French	1,198		
5	   Other multiple responses	3,753		

SHMHLN – Field 80

HOME LANGUAGE MOST OFTEN SPOKEN BY THE SPOUSE OR COMMON-LAW PARTNER
OF THE PRIMARY HOUSEHOLD MAINTAINER

Refers to the language spoken most often at home by the spouse or common-law partner of the primary household maintainer at the time of the census.

Reported for: Spouses or common-law partners of primary household maintainers 15 years of age and over in private households

Code	Description	Counts	Includes	
8	Not available	24		
9	Not applicable	126,377	Households with no spouse or common-law partner of the primary household maintainer	
	Single responses:			
1	   English only	122,891		
2	   French only	41,096		
3	   Other	19,164	All remaining single responses	
	Multiple responses:			
4	   English and French	572		
5	   Other multiple responses	2,389		

HMHLNB – Field 81

HOME LANGUAGES SPOKEN ON A REGULAR BASIS BY THE PRIMARY
HOUSEHOLD MAINTAINER

Refers to other languages spoken on a regular basis at home by the primary household maintainer at the time of the census. These languages differ from the language(s) spoken most often at home by the respondent.

Reported for: Primary household maintainers 15 years of age and over in private households

Code	Description	Counts	Includes	
8	Not available	16		
1	No	278,787	No other language spoken on a regular basis at home	
2	English only	15,673		
3	French only	5,419		
4	Other	11,622	All remaining single responses	
5	More than one language	996		

SHMHLNB – Field 82

HOME LANGUAGES SPOKEN ON A REGULAR BASIS BY THE SPOUSE OR COMMON-LAW PARTNER OF THE PRIMARY HOUSEHOLD MAINTAINER

Refers to other languages spoken on a regular basis at home by the spouse or common-law partner of the primary household maintainer at the time of the census. These languages differ from the language(s) spoken most often at home by the respondent.

Reported for: Spouses or common-law partners of primary household maintainers 15 years of age and over in private households

Code	Description	Counts	Includes	
8	Not available	24		
9	Not applicable	126,377	Households with no spouse or common‑law partner of the primary household maintainer	
1	No	164,521	No other language spoken on a regular basis at home	
2	English only	10,124		
3	French only	3,219		
4	Other	7,685	All remaining single responses	
5	More than one language	563		

HMFOL – Field 83

FIRST OFFICIAL LANGUAGE SPOKEN BY THE PRIMARY HOUSEHOLD MAINTAINER

Refers to a variable specified within the framework of the Official Languages Act for the primary household maintainer.  For further information, refer to the 2001 Census Dictionary, Catalogue No. 92‑378-XIE.

Reported for: Primary household maintainers 15 years of age and over in private households

Code	Description	Counts	Includes	
8	Not available	16		
1	English	226,098		
2	French	80,572		
3	Both English and French	2,532		
4	Neither English nor French	3,295		

SHMFOL – Field 84

FIRST OFFICIAL LANGUAGE SPOKEN BY THE SPOUSE OR COMMON-LAW PARTNER
OF THE PRIMARY HOUSEHOLD MAINTAINER

Refers to a variable specified within the framework of the Official Languages Act for the spouse or common-law partner of the primary household maintainer.  For further information, refer to the 2001 Census Dictionary, Catalogue No. 92-378-XIE.

Reported for: Spouses or common-law partners of primary household maintainers 15 years of age and over in private households

Code	Description	Counts	Includes	
8	Not available	24		
9	Not applicable	126,377	Households with no spouse or common-law partner of the primary household maintainer	
1	English	136,766		
2	French	45,198		
3	Both English and French	1,431		
4	Neither English nor French	2,717		

HMWLNA – Field 85

LANGUAGE USED MOST OFTEN AT WORK BY THE PRIMARY HOUSEHOLD MAINTAINER

Refers to the language used most often at work by the primary household maintainer.

Reported for: Primary household maintainers 15 years of age and over in private households, who worked since January 1, 2000

Code	Description	Counts	Includes	
8	Not available	16		
9	Not applicable	87,605	Households where the primary household maintainer did not work since January 1, 2000	
1	English	169,070		
2	French	48,085		
3	Non-official language	2,733		
4	English and French	3,611		
5	Other multiple languages	1,393		

SHMWLNA – Field 86

LANGUAGE USED MOST OFTEN AT WORK BY THE SPOUSE OR COMMON-LAW PARTNER
OF THE PRIMARY HOUSEHOLD MAINTAINER

Refers to the language used most often at work by the spouse or common-law partner of the primary household maintainer.

Reported for: Spouses or common-law partners of primary household maintainers 15 years of age and over in private households, who worked since January 1, 2000

Code	Description	Counts	Includes	
8	Not available	21		
9	Not applicable	183,769	Households with no spouse or common-law partner of the primary household maintainer, or households where the spouse or common-law partner of the primary household maintainer did not work since January 1, 2000	
1	English	97,846		
2	French	26,348		
3	Non-official language	1,948		
4	English and French	1,841		
5	Other multiple languages	740		

HMWLNB – Field 87

LANGUAGES USED ON A REGULAR BASIS AT WORK BY THE PRIMARY
HOUSEHOLD MAINTAINER

Refers to other languages used on a regular basis at work by the primary household maintainer.

Reported for: Primary household maintainers 15 years of age and over in private households, who worked since January 1, 2000

Code	Description	Counts	Includes	
8	Not available	16		
9	Not applicable	87,605	Households where the primary household maintainer did not work since January 1, 2000	
1	No other language used	194,273		
2	English	15,522		
3	French	8,955		
4	Non-official language	5,509		
5	Other multiple languages	633		

SHMWLNB – Field 88

LANGUAGES USED ON A REGULAR BASIS AT WORK BY THE SPOUSE OR COMMON-LAW PARTNER OF THE PRIMARY HOUSEHOLD MAINTAINER

Refers to other languages used on a regular basis at work by the spouse or common-law partner of the primary household maintainer.

Reported for: Spouses or common-law partners of primary household maintainers 15 years of age and over in private households, who worked since January 1, 2000

Code	Description	Counts	Includes	
8	Not available	21		
9	Not applicable	183,769	Households with no spouse or common-law partner of the primary household maintainer, or households where the spouse or common-law partner of the primary household maintainer did not work since January 1, 2000	
1	No other language used	113,192		
2	English	7,610		
3	French	4,515		
4	Non-official language	3,113		
5	Other multiple languages	293		

HMSCAT – Field 89

SCHOOL ATTENDANCE OF THE PRIMARY HOUSEHOLD MAINTAINER

Refers to either full-time or part-time (day or evening) attendance at school, college or university by the primary household maintainer during the nine-month period between September 2000 and May 15, 2001. Attendance is counted only for courses which could be used as credits towards a certificate, diploma or degree.

Attendance is excluded for courses taken for leisure, recreation or personal interest.

Attendance is considered to be full time if the person was taking 75% or more of the normal course load in the grade or year in which the person is registered. Short-term courses of six weeks or less taken during the day are considered to be part-time attendance. If the person attended both full time and part time during the reference period, then only full-time attendance is to be recorded.

Reported for: Primary household maintainers 15 years of age and over in private households, excluding institutional residents and employees

Code	Description	Counts	Includes	
1	Not attending school	289,199		
2	Attending school full time	9,383		
3	Attending school part time	13,931		

SHMSCAT – Field 90

SCHOOL ATTENDANCE OF THE SPOUSE OR COMMON-LAW PARTNER
OF THE PRIMARY HOUSEHOLD MAINTAINER

Refers to either full-time or part-time (day or evening) attendance at school, college or university by the spouse or common-law partner of the primary household maintainer during the nine-month period between September 2000 and May 15, 2001. Attendance is counted only for courses which could be used as credits towards a certificate, diploma or degree.

Attendance is excluded for courses taken for leisure, recreation or personal interest.

Attendance is considered to be full time if the person was taking 75% or more of the normal course load in the grade or year in which the person is registered. Short-term courses of six weeks or less taken during the day are considered to be part-time attendance. If the person attended both full time and part time during the reference period, then only full-time attendance is to be recorded.

Reported for: Spouses or common-law partners of primary household maintainers 15 years of age and over in private households, excluding institutional residents and employees

Code	Description	Counts	Includes	
9	Not applicable	126,377	Households with no spouse or common-law partner of the primary household maintainer	
1	Not attending school	173,383		
2	Attending school full time	4,466		
3	Attending school part time	8,287		

HMHLOS – Field 91

HIGHEST LEVEL OF SCHOOLING OF THE PRIMARY HOUSEHOLD MAINTAINER

Refers to the highest grade or year of elementary or secondary (high) school attended, or to the highest year of university or college education completed by the primary household maintainer. University education is considered to be a higher level of schooling than college education. Also, the attainment of a degree, certificate or diploma is considered to be at a higher level than years completed or attended without an educational qualification.

Note: Prior to 2001, the college sector was referred to as the “non-university sector”. The term was changed to “college” to reflect more accurately the majority of the institutions in this sector, which includes non‑degree‑granting institutions such as community colleges, CEGEPs, private business colleges and technical institutes.

Reported for: Primary household maintainers 15 years of age and over in private households, excluding institutional residents and employees

Code	Description	Counts	Includes	
1	Less than Grade 9	35,790		
	Grades 9 to13:			
2	   Without high school graduation certificate	54,855		
3	   With high school graduation certificate	38,812		
4	Trades certificate or diploma	13,924		
	College:			
5	   Without certificate or diploma	18,033		
6	   With certificate or diploma	64,472		
	University:			
7	   Without bachelor’s degree or higher	30,610		
8	   With bachelor’s degree or higher	56,017		

SHMHLOS – Field 92

HIGHEST LEVEL OF SCHOOLING OF THE SPOUSE OR COMMON-LAW PARTNER
OF THE PRIMARY HOUSEHOLD MAINTAINER

Refers to the highest grade or year of elementary or secondary (high) school attended, or the highest year of university or college education completed by the spouse or common-law partner of the primary household maintainer. University education is considered to be a higher level of schooling than college education. Also, the attainment of a degree, certificate or diploma is considered to be at a higher level than years completed or attended without an educational qualification.

Note: Prior to 2001, the college sector was referred to as the “non-university sector”. The term was changed to “college” to reflect more accurately the majority of the institutions in this sector, which includes non‑degree‑granting institutions such as community colleges, CEGEPs, private business colleges and technical institutes.

Reported for: Spouses or common-law partners of primary household maintainers 15 years of age and over in private households, excluding institutional residents and employees

Code	Description	Counts	Includes	
9	Not applicable	126,377	Households with no spouse or common-law partner of the primary household maintainer	
1	Less than Grade 9	16,480		
	Grades 9 to 13:			
2	   Without high school graduation certificate	33,619		
3	   With high school graduation certificate	30,689		
4	Trades certificate or diploma	6,314		
	College:			
5	   Without certificate or diploma	11,531		
6	   With certificate or diploma	40,246		
	University:			
7	   Without bachelor’s degree or higher	17,587		
8	   With bachelor’s degree or higher	29,670		

HMMOB5 – Field 93

MOBILITY STATUS – PLACE OF RESIDENCE 5 YEARS AGO
OF THE PRIMARY HOUSEHOLD MAINTAINER

Refers to the relationship between a person’s usual place of residence on Census Day and his or her usual place of residence five years earlier. The primary household maintainer is classified as a non‑mover if no difference exists. Otherwise, he or she is classified as a mover and this categorization is called Mobility Status (5 Years Ago). Within the movers category, a further distinction is made between non-migrants and migrants; this difference is called migration status.

Non-movers are persons who, on Census Day, were living at the same address as the one at which they resided five years earlier.

Movers are persons who, on Census Day, were living at a different address than the one at which they resided five years earlier.

Non-migrants are movers who, on Census Day, were living at a different address but in the same census subdivision (CSD) as the one they lived in five years earlier.

Migrants are movers who, on Census Day, were residing in a different CSD five years earlier (internal migrants) or who were living outside Canada five years earlier (external migrants).

Note: All geographic areas reflect their 2001 boundaries, even when referred to as places of residence in 1996. This applies to all geostatistical areas that are subject to boundary changes between censuses.

The various mobility status or migration status categories are defined as follows:

Mobility Status Universe				- HMMOB5 EQ 1-6
   Non-movers					- HMMOB5 EQ 1
   Movers					- HMMOB5 EQ 2-6
      Non-migrants				- HMMOB5 EQ 2
      Migrants					- HMMOB5 EQ 3-6
         Internal migrants				- HMMOB5 EQ 3-5
            Intraprovincial migrants			- HMMOB5 EQ 3-4
            Interprovincial migrants			- HMMOB5 EQ 5
         External migrants				- HMMOB5 EQ 6

Reported for: Primary household maintainers 15 years of age and over in private households

Code	Description	Counts	Includes	
1	Non-movers	179,604	Same dwelling	
	Movers:			
2	   Non-migrants	73,304	Different dwelling, same census subdivision (CSD)	
	   Migrants:			
	      Internal migrants:			
	         Intraprovincial migrants:			
3	            Different CSD, same census division (CD)	12,789		
4	            Different CD, same province	28,180		
5	         Interprovincial migrants	10,209	Different province	
6	      External migrants	8,427	Outside Canada	

SHMMOB5 – Field 94

MOBILITY STATUS – PLACE OF RESIDENCE 5 YEARS AGO OF THE SPOUSE
OR COMMON-LAW PARTNER OF THE PRIMARY HOUSEHOLD MAINTAINER

Refers to the relationship between a person’s usual place of residence on Census Day and his or her usual place of residence five years earlier. A spouse or common-law partner of the primary household maintainer is classified as a non-mover if no difference exists. Otherwise, he or she is classified as a mover and this categorization is called Mobility Status (5 Years Ago). Within the movers category, a further distinction is made between non-migrants and migrants; this difference is called migration status.

Non-movers are persons who, on Census Day, were living at the same address as the one at which they resided five years earlier.

Movers are persons who, on Census Day, were living at a different address than the one at which they resided five years earlier.

Non-migrants are movers who, on Census Day, were living at a different address but in the same census subdivision (CSD) as the one they lived in five years earlier.

Migrants are movers who, on Census Day, were residing in a different CSD five years earlier (internal migrants) or who were living outside Canada five years earlier (external migrants).

Note: All geographic areas reflect their 2001 boundaries, even when referred to as places of residence in 1996. This applies to all geostatistical areas that are subject to boundary changes between censuses.

The various mobility status or migration status categories are defined as follows:

Mobility Status Universe				- SHMMOB5 EQ 1-6
   Non-movers			  		- SHMMOB5 EQ 1
   Movers			  		- SHMMOB5 EQ 2-6
      Non-migrants		  		- SHMMOB5 EQ 2
      Migrants			  		- SHMMOB5 EQ 3-6
         Internal migrants	  			- SHMMOB5 EQ 3-5
            Intraprovincial migrants			- SHMMOB5 EQ 3-4
            Interprovincial migrants			- SHMMOB5 EQ 5
         External migrants	  			- SHMMOB5 EQ 6
Mobility Status Universe exclusions	  	- SHMMOB5 EQ 9

Reported for: Spouses or common-law partners of primary household maintainers 15 years of age and over in private households

Code	Description	Counts	Includes	
9	Not applicable	126,377	Households with no spouse or common-law partner of the primary household maintainer	
1	Non-movers	112,039	Same dwelling	
	Movers:			
2	   Non-migrants	37,495	Different dwelling, same census subdivision (CSD)	
	   Migrants:			
	      Internal migrants:			
	         Intraprovincial migrants:			
3	            Different CSD, same census division (CD)	7,598		
4	            Different CD, same province	16,664		
5	         Interprovincial migrants	5,809	Different province	
6	      External migrants	6,531	Outside Canada	

HMMOB1 – Field 95

MOBILITY STATUS – PLACE OF RESIDENCE 1 YEAR AGO
OF THE PRIMARY HOUSEHOLD MAINTAINER

Refers to the relationship between a person’s usual place of residence on Census Day and his or her usual place of residence one year earlier. The primary household maintainer is classified as a non-mover if no difference exists. Otherwise, he or she is classified as a mover and this categorization is called Mobility Status (1 Year Ago). Within the movers category, a further distinction is made between non‑migrants and migrants; this difference is called migration status.

Non-movers are persons who, on Census Day, were living at the same address as the one at which they resided one year earlier.

Movers are persons who, on Census Day, were living at a different address than the one at which they resided one year earlier.

Non-migrants are movers who, on Census Day, were living at a different address but in the same census subdivision (CSD) as the one they lived in one year earlier.

Migrants are movers who, on Census Day, were residing in a different CSD one year earlier (internal migrants) or who were living outside Canada one year earlier (external migrants).

Note: All geographic areas reflect their 2001 boundaries, even when referred to as places of residence in 2000. This applies to all geostatistical areas that are subject to boundary changes between censuses.

The various mobility status or migration status categories are defined as follows:

Mobility Status Universe					- HMMOB1 EQ 1-5
   Non-movers			    				- HMMOB1 EQ 1
   Movers			    				- HMMOB1 EQ 2-5
      Non-migrants		    			- HMMOB1 EQ 2
      Migrants			    			- HMMOB1 EQ 3-5
          Intraprovincial migrants				- HMMOB1 EQ 3-4
          Other migrants					- HMMOB1 EQ 5

Reported for: Primary household maintainers 15 years of age and over in private households

Code	Description	Counts	Includes	
1	Non-movers	268,700	Same dwelling	
	Movers:			
2	   Non-migrants	26,295	Different dwelling, same census subdivision (CSD)	
	   Migrants:			
	       Intraprovincial migrants:			
3	          Different CSD, same census division (CD)	4,241		
4	          Different CD, same province	8,340		
5	       Other migrants	4,937	Different province and outside Canada	

SHMMOB1 – Field 96

MOBILITY STATUS – PLACE OF RESIDENCE 1 YEAR AGO OF THE SPOUSE
OR COMMON-LAW PARTNER OF THE PRIMARY HOUSEHOLD MAINTAINER

Refers to the relationship between a person’s usual place of residence on Census Day and his or her usual place of residence one year earlier. A spouse or common-law partner of the primary household maintainer is classified as a non-mover if no difference exists. Otherwise, he or she is classified as a mover and this categorization is called Mobility Status (1 Year Ago). Within the movers category, a further distinction is made between non-migrants and migrants; this difference is called migration status.

Non-movers are persons who, on Census Day, were living at the same address as the one at which they resided one year earlier.

Movers are persons who, on Census Day, were living at a different address than the one at which they resided one year earlier.

Non-migrants are movers who, on Census Day, were living at a different address but in the same census subdivision (CSD) that they occupied one year earlier.

Migrants are movers who, on Census Day, were residing in a different CSD one year earlier (internal migrants) or who were living outside Canada one year earlier (external migrants).

Note: All geographic areas reflect their 2001 boundaries, even when referred to as places of residence in 2000. This applies to all geostatistical areas that are subject to boundary changes between censuses.

The various mobility status or migration status categories are defined as follows:

Mobility Status Universe				- SHMMOB1 EQ 1-5
   Non-movers			 		- SHMMOB1 EQ 1
   Movers			 		- SHMMOB1 EQ 2-5
      Non-migrants		 		- SHMMOB1 EQ 2
      Migrants			 		- SHMMOB1 EQ 3-5
          Intraprovincial migrants			- SHMMOB1 EQ 3-4
          Other migrants				- SHMMOB1 EQ 5
Mobility Status Universe exclusions	 	- SHMMOB1 EQ 9

Reported for: Spouses or common-law partners of primary household maintainers 15 years of age and over in private households

Code	Description	Counts	Includes	
9	Not applicable	126,377	Households with no spouse or common-law partner of the primary household maintainer	
1	Non-movers	163,641	Same dwelling	
	Movers:			
2	   Non-migrants	12,225	Different dwelling, same census subdivision (CSD)	
	   Migrants:			
	       Intraprovincial migrants:			
3	          Different CSD, same census division (CD)	2,348		
4	          Different CD, same province	4,805		
5	       Other migrants	3,117	Different province and outside Canada	

HMPOW – Field 97

PLACE OF WORK OF THE PRIMARY HOUSEHOLD MAINTAINER

Refers to the place of work of primary household maintainers 15 years of age and over, excluding institutional residents, who worked at some time since January 1, 2000. The variable usually relates to the individual’s job held in the week prior to enumeration. However, if the person did not work during that week but had worked at some time since January 1, 2000, the information relates to the job held longest during that period.

Reported for: Primary household maintainers 15 years of age and over in private households, excluding institutional residents, who worked at some time since January 1, 2000

Code	Description	Counts	Includes	
9	Not applicable	87,605	Households where the primary household maintainer is less than 15 years of age or did not work since January 1, 2000	
1	Worked at home or outside Canada	19,403	Persons whose job is located in the same building as their place of residence (includes farmers) and persons whose place of work is located outside Canada	
2	Usual place of work was in same census subdivision (CSD) as the place of residence	101,372		
3	Usual place of work was in different CSD, in same census division as the place of residence	43,331		
4	Usual place of work was in different census division, in same province/territory as the place of residence	34,457		
5	Usual place of work was in different province/territory from the place of residence	2,204		
6	No fixed workplace address	24,141	Persons who do not go to the same workplace location at the beginning of each shift	

SHMPOW – Field 98

PLACE OF WORK OF THE SPOUSE OR COMMON-LAW PARTNER
OF THE PRIMARY HOUSEHOLD MAINTAINER

Refers to the mode of transportation to work of the spouse or common-law partner of the primary household maintainer, 15 years of age and over, excluding institutional residents, who worked at some time since January 1, 2000. Persons who indicate in the place of work question that they either had no fixed workplace address, or specified a usual workplace address, are asked to identify the mode of transportation they most frequently use to commute from home to work. The variable usually relates to the individual’s job in the week prior to enumeration. However, if the person did not work during that week but had worked at some time since January 1, 2000, the information relates to the job held longest during that period.

Reported for: Spouses or common-law partners of primary household maintainers 15 years of age and over in private households, excluding institutional residents, who worked at some time since January 1, 2000, at a usual workplace address, or had no fixed workplace address

Code	Description	Counts	Includes	
9	Not applicable	183,769	Households where the spouse or common-law partner of the primary household maintainer is less than 15 years of age or did not work since January 1, 2000, and households with no spouse or common-law partner of the primary household maintainer	
1	Worked at home or outside Canada	14,507	Persons whose job is located in the same building as their place of residence (includes farmers) and persons whose place of work is located outside Canada	
2	Usual place of work was in same census subdivision (CSD) as the place of residence	59,297		
3	Usual place of work was in different CSD, in same census division as the place of residence	26,557		
4	Usual place of work was in different census division, in same province/territory as the place of residence	18,805		
5	Usual place of work was in different province/territory from the place of residence	1,199		
6	No fixed workplace address	8,379	Persons who do not go to the same workplace location at the beginning of each shift	

HMDIST – Field 99

COMMUTING DISTANCE OF THE PRIMARY HOUSEHOLD MAINTAINER

Refers to the distance, in kilometres, between the primary household maintainer’s residence and his or her usual workplace location. The variable relates to non-institutional residents 15 years of age and over who worked at some time since January 1, 2000. The variable usually relates to the primary household maintainer’s job held in the week prior to enumeration. However, if the primary household maintainer did not work during that week but had worked at some time since January 1, 2000, the information relates to the job held longest during that period.

Reported for: Primary household maintainers 15 years of age and over in private households, excluding institutional residents, who worked at some time since January 1, 2000, and who had a usual place of work

Code	Description	Counts	Includes	
9	Not applicable	131,149	Households where the primary household maintainer is less than 15 years of age or did not work since January 1, 2000, or did not have a usual place of work status	
1	Distance less than 5 km	66,390		
2	Distance 5 to 9.9 km	41,346		
3	Distance 10 to 14.9 km	24,142		
4	Distance 15 to 19.9 km	14,705		
5	Distance 20 to 24.9 km	9,218		
6	Distance 25 to 29.9 km	6,192		
7	Distance greater than or equal to 30 km	19,371		

SHMDIST – Field 100

COMMUTING DISTANCE OF THE SPOUSE OR COMMON-LAW PARTNER
OF THE PRIMARY HOUSEHOLD MAINTAINER

Refers to the distance, in kilometres, between the residence of the spouse or common-law partner of the primary household maintainer and his or her usual workplace location. The variable relates to non‑institutional residents 15 years of age and over who worked at some time since January 1, 2000. The variable usually relates to the individual’s job held in the week prior to enumeration. However, if the person did not work during that week but had worked at some time since January 1, 2000, the information relates to the job held longest during that period.

Reported for: Spouses or common-law partners of primary household maintainers 15 years of age and over in private households, excluding institutional residents, who worked at some time since January 1, 2000, and who had a usual place of work

Code	Description	Counts	Includes	
9	Not applicable	206,655	Households where the spouse or common-law partner of the primary household maintainer is less than 15 years of age or did not work since January 1, 2000, or who does not have a usual place of work status and households with no spouse or common-law partner of the primary household maintainer	
1	Distance less than 5 km	39,059		
2	Distance 5 to 9.9 km	24,669		
3	Distance 10 to 14.9 km	14,422		
4	Distance 15 to 19.9 km	8,942		
5	Distance 20 to 24.9 km	5,434		
6	Distance 25 to 29.9 km	3,486		
7	Distance greater than or equal to 30 km	9,846		

HMMODE – Field 101

MODE OF TRANSPORTATION OF THE PRIMARY HOUSEHOLD MAINTAINER

Refers to the mode of transportation to work of the primary household maintainer 15 years of age and over, excluding institutional residents, who worked at some time since January 1, 2000. Persons who indicate in the place of work question that they either had no fixed workplace address, or specified a usual workplace address, are asked to identify the mode of transportation they most frequently use to commute from home to work. The variable usually relates to the individual’s job in the week prior to enumeration. However, if the person did not work during that week but had worked at some time since January 1, 2000, the information relates to the job held longest during that period.

Reported for: Primary household maintainers 15 years of age and over in private households, excluding institutional residents, who worked at some time since January 1, 2000 at a usual workplace address, or had no fixed workplace address

Code	Description	Counts	Includes	
9	Not applicable	107,008	Households where the primary household maintainer is less than 15 years of age or did not work since January 1, 2000, or worked at home or worked outside Canada	
1	Car, truck or van – as driver	159,369		
2	Car, truck or van – as passenger	7,959		
3	Public transit	19,866		
4	Walked to work	13,279		
5	Bicycle	2,597		
6	Taxicab	470		
7	Other method	1,965		

SHMMODE – Field 102

MODE OF TRANSPORTATION OF THE SPOUSE OR COMMON-LAW PARTNER
OF THE PRIMARY HOUSEHOLD MAINTAINER

Refers to the mode of transportation to work of the spouse or common-law partner of the primary household maintainer 15 years of age and over, excluding institutional residents, who worked at some time since January 1, 2000. Persons who indicate in the place of work question that they either had no fixed workplace address, or specified a usual workplace address, are asked to identify the mode of transportation they most frequently use to commute from home to work. The variable usually relates to the individual’s job in the week prior to enumeration. However, if the person did not work during that week but had worked at some time since January 1, 2000, the information relates to the job held longest during that period.

Reported for: Spouses or common-law partners of primary household maintainers 15 years of age and over in private households, excluding institutional residents, who worked at some time since January 1, 2000, at a usual workplace address, or had no fixed workplace address

Code	Description	Counts	Includes	
9	Not applicable	198,276	Households where the spouse or common-law partner of the primary household maintainer is less than 15 years of age or did not work since January 1, 2000, or worked at home or worked outside Canada and households with no spouse or common-law partner of the primary household maintainer	
1	Car, truck or van – as driver	86,464		
2	Car, truck or van – as passenger	9,269		
3	Public transit	9,897		
4	Walked to work	6,681		
5	Bicycle	777		
6	Taxicab	166		
7	Other method	983		

HMLFACT – Field 103

LABOUR FORCE ACTIVITY OF THE PRIMARY HOUSEHOLD MAINTAINER (in Reference Week)

Refers to the labour market activity of the primary household maintainer 15 years of age and over in the week (Sunday to Saturday) prior to Census Day (May 15, 2001). Respondents were classified as either employed, or unemployed, or as not in the labour force. The labour force includes the employed and the unemployed.

Employed (in Reference Week)

Refers to persons 15 years of age and over, excluding institutional residents, who, during the week (Sunday to Saturday) prior to Census Day (May 15, 2001):

(a)	did any work at all for pay or in self-employment or without pay in a family farm, business or professional practice;

(b)	were absent from their job or business, with or without pay, for the entire week because of a vacation, an illness, a labour dispute at their place of work, or any other reasons.

Unemployed (in Reference Week)

Refers to persons 15 years of age and over, excluding institutional residents, who, during the week (Sunday to Saturday) prior to Census Day (May 15, 2001), were without paid work or without self‑employment work and were available for work and either:

(a)	had actively looked for paid work in the past four weeks; or

(b)	were on temporary lay-off and expected to return to their job; or

(c)	had definite arrangements to start a new job in four weeks or less.

Not in the Labour Force (in Reference Week)

Refers to persons 15 years of age and over, excluding institutional residents, who, in the week (Sunday to Saturday) prior to Census Day (May 15, 2001), were neither employed nor unemployed. It includes students, homemakers, retired workers, seasonal workers in an “off” season who were not looking for work, and persons who could not work because of a long-term illness or disability.

Labour Force (in Reference Week)

Refers to persons who were either employed or unemployed during the week (Sunday to Saturday) prior to Census Day (May 15, 2001).

In past censuses, this was called “Total Labour Force”.

Reported for: Primary household maintainers 15 years of age and over in private households

Code	Description	Counts	Includes	
1	Employed – Worked	194,995		
2	Employed – Absent	7,858		
3	Unemployed – Lay-off – Did not look for work	1,940		
4	Unemployed – Lay-off – Looked for full-time work	2,431		
5	Unemployed – Lay-off – Looked for part-time work	132		
6	Unemployed – New job – Did not look for work	518		
7	Unemployed – New job – Looked for full‑time work	821		
8	Unemployed – New job – Looked for part‑time work	128		
9	Unemployed – Looked for full-time work	5,353		
10	Unemployed – Looked for part-time work	1,047		
11	Not in the labour force – Last worked in 2001	6,645		
12	Not in the labour force – Last worked in 2000	5,778		
13	Not in the labour force – Last worked before 2000	73,606		
14	Not in the labour force – Never worked	11,261		

Note: The various labour force groups can be obtained by combining the codes in the following manner:

	Total labour force	Codes 1 to 10
	Employed labour force	Codes 1 and 2
	Unemployed labour force	Codes 3 to 10
	Not in the labour force	Codes 11 to 14

SHMLFACT – Field 104

LABOUR FORCE ACTIVITY OF THE SPOUSE OR COMMON-LAW PARTNER OF THE PRIMARY HOUSEHOLD MAINTAINER (in Reference Week)

Refers to the labour market activity of the spouse or common-law partner of the primary household maintainer 15 years of age and over in the week (Sunday to Saturday) prior to Census Day (May 15, 2001). Respondents were classified as either employed, or unemployed, or as not in the labour force. The labour force includes the employed and the unemployed.

Employed (in Reference Week)

Refers to persons 15 years of age and over, excluding institutional residents, who, during the week (Sunday to Saturday) prior to Census Day (May 15, 2001):

(a)	did any work at all for pay or in self-employment or without pay in a family farm, business or professional practice;

(b)	were absent from their job or business, with or without pay, for the entire week because of a vacation, an illness, a labour dispute at their place of work, or any other reasons.

Unemployed (in Reference Week)

Refers to persons 15 years of age and over, excluding institutional residents, who, during the week (Sunday to Saturday) prior to Census Day (May 15, 2001), were without paid work or without self‑employment work and were available for work and either:

(a)	had actively looked for paid work in the past four weeks; or

(b)	were on temporary lay-off and expected to return to their job; or

(c)	had definite arrangements to start a new job in four weeks or less.

Not in the Labour Force (in Reference Week)

Refers to persons 15 years of age and over, excluding institutional residents, who, in the week (Sunday to Saturday) prior to Census Day (May 15, 2001), were neither employed nor unemployed. It includes students, homemakers, retired workers, seasonal workers in an “off” season who were not looking for work, and persons who could not work because of a long-term illness or disability.

Labour Force (in Reference Week)

Refers to persons who were either employed or unemployed during the week (Sunday to Saturday) prior to Census Day (May 15, 2001).

In past censuses, this was called “Total Labour Force”.

Reported for: Spouses or common-law partners of primary household maintainers 15 years of age and over in private households

Code	Description	Counts	Includes	
99	Not applicable	126,377	Households with no spouse or common-law partner of the primary household maintainer	
1	Employed – Worked	107,968		
2	Employed – Absent	5,156		
3	Unemployed – Lay-off – Did not look for work	1,266		
4	Unemployed –Lay-off – Looked for full-time work	1,028		
5	Unemployed – Lay-off – Looked for part‑time work	114		
6	Unemployed – New job – Did not look for work	359		
7	Unemployed – New job – Looked for full‑time work	459		
8	Unemployed – New job – Looked for part‑time work	110		
9	Unemployed – Looked for full-time work	3,047		
10	Unemployed – Looked for part-time work	1,040		
11	Not in the labour force – Last worked in 2001	5,111		
12	Not in the labour force – Last worked in 2000	4,995		
13	Not in the labour force – Last worked before 2000	45,926		
14	Not in the labour force – Never worked	9,557		

Note: The various labour force groups can be obtained by combining the codes in the following manner:

	Total labour force	Codes 1 to 10
	Employed labour force	Codes 1 and 2
	Unemployed labour force	Codes 3 to 10
	Not in the labour force	Codes 11 to 14

HMCOW – Field 105

CLASS OF WORKER OF THE PRIMARY HOUSEHOLD MAINTAINER

This variable classifies the primary household maintainer who reported a job into the following categories:

(a)	persons who worked mainly for wages, salaries, commissions, tips, piece-rates, or payments “in kind” (payments in goods or services rather than money);

(b)	persons who worked mainly for themselves, with or without paid help, operating a business, farm or professional practice, alone or in partnership;

(c)	persons who worked without pay in a family business, farm or professional practice owned or operated by a related household member; unpaid family work does not include unpaid housework, unpaid child care, unpaid care to seniors and volunteer work.

The job reported was the one held in the week (Sunday to Saturday) prior to enumeration (May 15, 2001) if the person was employed, or the job of longest duration since January 1, 2000, if the person was not employed during the reference week.  Persons with two or more jobs in the reference week were asked to provide information for the job at which they worked the most hours.

Incorporation Status

Refers to the legal status of a business, farm or professional practice. It is directed at persons who were mainly self-employed, either with or without paid help in the job reported (i.e. their job in the week [Sunday to Saturday] prior to enumeration [May 15, 2001] or the one of longest duration since January 1, 2000). An incorporated business is a business, farm or professional practice that has been formed into a legal corporation, thus constituting a legal entity under either federal or provincial laws. An unincorporated business, farm or professional practice is not a separate legal entity, but may be a partnership, family business or owner-operated business.

The question on incorporation is often used in conjunction with Labour Market Activities: Class of Worker data, since self-employed persons who reported their farm or business as incorporated can be included with paid workers in certain types of analysis.

Wage and Salary Earners

Includes persons 15 years of age and over who worked since January 1, 2000, and who indicated that in the job reported, they were working mainly for wages, salaries, commissions, tips, piece-rates or payments “in kind” (payments in goods or services rather than money).  Some examples include:  those who worked in someone else’s private household at such jobs as babysitting and cleaning; salespersons on commission working for only one company and not maintaining an office or staff; and those who worked for payment “in kind” in non-family enterprises, such as members of a religious order who received free room and board or other supplies in lieu of cash.

Self-employed

Includes persons 15 years of age and over who worked since January 1, 2000, and for whom the job reported consisted mainly of operating a business, farm or professional practice, alone or in a partnership.  Some examples include: operating a farm, whether the land is rented or owned; working on a freelance or contract basis to do a job (e.g. architects, private duty nurses); operating a direct distributorship selling and delivering products such as cosmetics, newspapers, brushes and soap products; and fishing with own equipment or with equipment in which  the person has a share.

Respondents were to specify if their business was incorporated or unincorporated, as well as if they had paid help or no paid help.  It should be noted that new tax laws in 1980 permitted the respondent, for the first time, to deduct a spouse’s wages as expenses. Consequently, self-employed persons who decided to pay wages to their spouse to take advantage of the new law changed status from “without paid help” to “with paid help” between 1971 and 1981. This change should be kept in mind when comparing data between the 1971 Census and subsequent censuses.

Unpaid Family Workers (Worked Without Pay for a Relative in a Family Business, Farm or Professional Practice)

Includes persons 15 years of age and over who worked without regular money wages, for a relative who was a member of the same household.  The job reported consisted mainly of tasks contributing to the operation of a business, farm or professional practice, owned or operated by the relative.

Census data are directly comparable for this category from 1981 to 2001.  The 1971 Census may not be strictly comparable to subsequent censuses because of conceptual changes in the 1981 Census.  For instance, females who were unpaid family workers, worked as farm labourers, and did less than 20 hours of unpaid work a week, were excluded from the labour force according to the 1971 definitions. These persons are included in the employed labour force in 1981, 1986, 1991, 1996 and 2001. Also, new tax laws, mentioned earlier, changed the status of some people from “unpaid family workers” to “paid workers” between 1971 and 1981.

In addition, there were some data quality problems with the 1981 data that led to the underestimation of the “unpaid family workers”.  In 1986, an apparent dramatic increase from 1981 in this category of worker was due more to better reporting in 1986 than an actual increase in the number of unpaid family workers.

Reported for: Primary household maintainers 15 years of age and over in private households, who have worked since January 1, 2000

Code	Description	Counts	Includes	
9	Not applicable	87,605	Households where the primary household maintainers did not work since January 1, 2000	
1	Paid workers (wage and salary earners) and unpaid family workers	191,614		
2	Paid workers (self-employed incorporated without paid help)	4,348		
3	Paid workers (self-employed incorporated with paid help)	6,930		
4	Self-employed unincorporated without paid help 	15,271		
5	Self-employed unincorporated with paid help 	6,745		

Note:

(a)	“Paid workers” includes wage and salary earners and self-employed persons in incorporated companies (the latter are included because they are considered employees of their own companies and thus, paid workers).

(b)	Self-employed persons with paid help are often grouped under the category “employers”. Self-employed persons without paid help are classified as “own account” or “independent” workers.

SHMCOW – Field 106

CLASS OF WORKER OF THE SPOUSE OR COMMON-LAW PARTNER OF THE PRIMARY HOUSEHOLD MAINTAINER

This variable classifies the spouse or common-law partner of the primary household maintainer who reported a job into the following categories:

(a)	persons who worked mainly for wages, salaries, commissions, tips, piece-rates, or payments “in kind” (payments in goods or services rather than money);

(b)	persons who worked mainly for themselves, with or without paid help, operating a business, farm or professional practice, alone or in partnership;

(c)	persons who worked without pay in a family business, farm or professional practice owned or operated by a related household member; unpaid family work does not include unpaid housework, unpaid child care, unpaid care to seniors and volunteer work.

The job reported was the one held in the week (Sunday to Saturday) prior to enumeration (May 15, 2001) if the person was employed, or the job of longest duration since January 1, 2000, if the person was not employed during the reference week.  Persons with two or more jobs in the reference week were asked to provide information for the job at which they worked the most hours.

Incorporation Status

Refers to the legal status of a business, farm or professional practice. It is directed at persons who were mainly self-employed, either with or without paid help in the job reported (i.e. their job in the week [Sunday to Saturday] prior to enumeration [May 15, 2001] or the one of longest duration since January 1, 2000). An incorporated business is a business, farm or professional practice that has been formed into a legal corporation, thus constituting a legal entity under either federal or provincial laws. An unincorporated business, farm or professional practice is not a separate legal entity, but may be a partnership, family business or owner-operated business.

The question on incorporation is often used in conjunction with Labour Market Activities: Class of Worker data, since self-employed persons who reported their farm or business as incorporated can be included with paid workers in certain types of analysis.

Wage and Salary Earners

Includes persons 15 years of age and over who worked since January 1, 2000, and who indicated that in the job reported, they were working mainly for wages, salaries, commissions, tips, piece-rates or payments “in kind” (payments in goods or services rather than money).  Some examples include:  those who worked in someone else’s private household at such jobs as babysitting and cleaning; salespersons on commission working for only one company and not maintaining an office or staff; and those who worked for payment “in kind” in non-family enterprises, such as members of a religious order who received free room and board or other supplies in lieu of cash.

Self-employed

Includes persons 15 years of age and over who worked since January 1, 2000, and for whom the job reported consisted mainly of operating a business, farm or professional practice, alone or in a partnership.  Some examples include: operating a farm, whether the land is rented or owned; working on a freelance or contract basis to do a job (e.g. architects, private duty nurses); operating a direct distributorship selling and delivering products such as cosmetics, newspapers, brushes and soap products; and fishing with own equipment or with equipment in which  the person has a share.
Respondents were to specify if their business was incorporated or unincorporated, as well as if they had paid help or no paid help.  It should be noted that new tax laws in 1980 permitted the respondent, for the first time, to deduct a spouse’s wages as expenses. Consequently, self-employed persons who decided to pay wages to their spouse to take advantage of the new law changed status from “without paid help” to “with paid help” between 1971 and 1981. This change should be kept in mind when comparing data between the 1971 Census and subsequent censuses.

Unpaid Family Workers (Worked Without Pay for a Relative in a Family Business, Farm or Professional Practice)

Includes persons 15 years of age and over who worked without regular money wages, for a relative who was a member of the same household.  The job reported consisted mainly of tasks contributing to the operation of a business, farm or professional practice, owned or operated by the relative.

Census data are directly comparable for this category from 1981 to 2001.  The 1971 Census may not be strictly comparable to subsequent censuses because of conceptual changes in the 1981 Census.  For instance, females who were unpaid family workers, worked as farm labourers, and did less than 20 hours of unpaid work a week, were excluded from the labour force according to the 1971 definitions. These persons are included in the employed labour force in 1981, 1986, 1991, 1996 and 2001. Also, new tax laws, mentioned earlier, changed the status of some people from “unpaid family workers” to “paid workers” between 1971 and 1981.

In addition, there were some data quality problems with the 1981 data that led to the underestimation of the “unpaid family workers”.  In 1986, an apparent dramatic increase from 1981 in this category of worker was due more to better reporting in 1986 than an actual increase in the number of unpaid family workers.

Reported for: Spouses or common-law partners of primary household maintainers 15 years of age and over in private households, who have worked since January 1, 2000

Code	Description	Counts	Includes	
9	Not applicable	183,769	Households where the spouse or common-law partner of the primary household maintainer did not work since January 1, 2000, and households with no spouse or common-law partner of the primary household maintainer	
1	Paid workers (wage and salary earners) and unpaid family workers	112,715		
2	Paid workers (self-employed incorporated without paid help)	1,932		
3	Paid workers (self-employed incorporated with paid help)	2,934		
4	Self-employed unincorporated without paid help 	8,305		
5	Self-employed unincorporated with paid help 	2,858		

Note:

(a)	“Paid workers” includes wage and salary earners and self-employed persons in incorporated companies (the latter are included because they are considered employees of their own companies and thus, paid workers).

(b)	Self-employed persons with paid help are often grouped under the category “employers”. Self-employed persons without paid help are classified as “own account” or “independent” workers.

HMFPTWK – Field 107

FULL-TIME OR PART-TIME WEEKS WORKED IN 2000 BY THE PRIMARY HOUSEHOLD MAINTAINER

Refers to the primary household maintainer 15 years of age and over, who worked for pay or in self‑employment in 2000. This person was asked to report whether the weeks he or she worked in 2000 were full-time weeks (30 hours or more per week) or not, on the basis of all jobs held. Persons with a part-time job for part of the year and a full-time job for another part of the year were to report the information for the job at which they worked the most weeks.

Reported for: Primary household maintainers 15 years of age and over in private households, who worked for pay or in self-employment in 2000

Code	Description	Counts	Includes	
9	Not applicable	92,059	Households where the primary household maintainer worked in 2001 only, worked before 2000 or never worked	
1	Worked mainly full-time weeks in 2000	194,873		
2	Worked mainly part-time weeks in 2000	25,581		

SHMFPTWK – Field 108

FULL-TIME OR PART-TIME WEEKS WORKED IN 2000 BY THE SPOUSE OR COMMON-LAW PARTNER OF THE PRIMARY HOUSEHOLD MAINTAINER

Refers to the spouse or common-law partner of the primary household maintainer 15 years of age and over, who worked for pay or in self-employment in 2000. This person was asked to report whether the weeks he or she worked in 2000 were full-time weeks (30 hours or more per week) or not, on the basis of all jobs held. Persons with a part-time job for part of the year and a full-time job for another part of the year were to report the information for the job at which they worked the most weeks.

Reported for: Spouses or common-law partners of primary household maintainers 15 years of age and over in private households, who worked for pay or in self-employment in 2000

Code	Description	Counts	Includes	
9	Not applicable	187,268	Households where the spouse or common-law partner of the primary household maintainer worked in 2001 only, worked before 2000 or never worked, and households with no spouse or common-law partner of the primary household maintainer	
1	Worked mainly full-time weeks in 2000	94,561		
2	Worked mainly part-time weeks in 2000	30,684		

HMHRSWK – Field 109

HOURS WORKED FOR PAY OR IN SELF-EMPLOYMENT BY THE PRIMARY HOUSEHOLD MAINTAINER (in Reference Week)

Refers to the actual number of hours that the primary household maintainer 15 years of age and over worked for pay or in self-employment at all jobs held in the week (Sunday to Saturday) prior to Census Day (May 15, 2001). This includes hours worked for wages, salaries, tips, commissions, piece-rate payments or payments “in kind” (payments in goods or services rather than money). Hours worked in one’s own business, farm or professional practice or hours worked without pay in a family business, farm or professional practice, owned or operated by a relative living in the same household are also included.

Excluded are hours during which the respondent was absent, with or without pay, for part of the week because of illness, vacation, or other reasons.

Reported for: Primary household maintainers 15 years of age and over in private households

This variable shows the number of hours worked (from 1 to 99 hours).

The value 0 includes all primary household maintainers who, in the week prior to enumeration, were unemployed, not in the labour force, or absent from their job.

The value 100 includes the persons who have worked 100 hours or more during the reference week.

The value 999 stands for Not applicable.

SHMHRSWK – Field 110

HOURS WORKED FOR PAY OR IN SELF-EMPLOYMENT BY THE SPOUSE OR COMMON-LAW PARTNER OF THE PRIMARY HOUSEHOLD MAINTAINER (in Reference Week)

Refers to the actual number of hours that the primary household maintainer’s spouse or common-law partner 15 years of age and over worked for pay or in self-employment at all jobs held in the week (Sunday to Saturday) prior to Census Day (May 15, 2001). This includes hours worked for wages, salaries, tips, commissions, piece-rate payments or payments “in kind” (payments in goods or services rather than money). Hours worked in one’s own business, farm or professional practice or hours worked without pay in a family business, farm or professional practice, owned or operated by a relative living in the same household are also included.

Excluded are hours during which the respondent was absent, with or without pay, for part of the week because of illness, vacation, or other reasons.

Reported for: Spouses or common-law partners of primary household maintainers 15 years of age and over in private households

This variable shows the number of hours worked (from 1 to 99 hours).

The value 0 includes all spouses or common-law partners of the primary household maintainers who, in the week prior to enumeration, were unemployed, not in the labour force, or absent from their job.

The value 100 includes the persons who have worked 100 hours or more during the reference week.

The value 999 stands for Not applicable.

HMLSTWK – Field 111

WHEN LAST WORKED FOR PAY OR IN SELF-EMPLOYMENT FOR THE PRIMARY
HOUSEHOLD MAINTAINER

Refers to the year or period in which the primary household maintainer 15 years of age and over last worked for pay or in self-employment, even if only for a few days.

Reported for: Primary household maintainers 15 years of age and over in private households

Code	Description	Counts	Includes	
1	Before 2000	76,016		
2	In 2000	11,643		
3	In 2001	213,265		
4	Never worked	11,589		

SHMLSTWK – Field 112

WHEN LAST WORKED FOR PAY OR IN SELF-EMPLOYMENT FOR THE SPOUSE OR COMMON‑LAW PARTNER OF THE PRIMARY HOUSEHOLD MAINTAINER

Refers to the year or period in which the spouse or common-law partner of the primary household maintainer 15 years of age and over last worked for pay or in self-employment, even if only for a few days.

Reported for: Spouses or common-law partners of primary household maintainers 15 years of age and over in private households

Code	Description	Counts	Includes	
9	Not applicable	126,377	Households with no spouse or common-law partner of the primary household maintainer	
1	Before 2000	47,529		
2	In 2000	8,942		
3	In 2001	119,802		
4	Never worked	9,863		

HMWKSWK – Field 113

WEEKS WORKED IN 2000 BY THE PRIMARY HOUSEHOLD MAINTAINER

Refers to the number of weeks in 2000 during which the primary household maintainer 15 years of age and over worked for pay or in self-employment at all jobs held, even if only for a few hours.  It includes weeks of paid vacation, weeks on sick leave with pay, and all weeks in which training was paid for by the employer.

Reported for: Primary household maintainers 15 years of age and over in private households, who have worked since January 1, 2000

This variable shows the actual number of weeks (from 1 to 52 weeks) worked in 2000.

The value 0 includes persons who worked in 2001 only.

The value 99 stands for Not applicable, and it is applied to households where the primary household maintainer worked before 2000 only or never worked.

SHMWKSWK – Field 114

WEEKS WORKED IN 2000 BY THE SPOUSE OR COMMON-LAW PARTNER OF THE
PRIMARY HOUSEHOLD MAINTAINER

Refers to the number of weeks in 2000 during which the spouse or common-law partner of the primary household maintainer 15 years of age and over worked for pay or in self-employment at all jobs held, even if only for a few hours.  It includes weeks of paid vacation, weeks on sick leave with pay, and all weeks in which training was paid for by the employer.

Reported for: Spouses or common-law partners of primary household maintainers 15 years of age and over in private households, who have worked since January 1, 2000

This variable shows the actual number of weeks (from 1 to 52 weeks) worked in 2000.

The value 0 includes persons who worked in 2001 only.

The value 99 stands for Not applicable, and it is applied to households where the spouse or common‑law partner of the primary household maintainer worked before 2000 only or never worked, and to households with no spouse or common-law partner of the primary household maintainer.

HMNOCHR – Field 115

OCCUPATION (EMPLOYMENT EQUITY DESIGNATIONS – BASED ON THE NATIONAL OCCUPATIONAL CLASSIFICATION) OF THE PRIMARY HOUSEHOLD MAINTAINER

Refers to the kind of work the primary household maintainer was doing during the reference week, as determined by his or her kind of work and the description of the main activities in his or her job. If the person did not have a job during the week (Sunday to Saturday) prior to enumeration (May 15, 2001), the data relate to the job of longest duration since January 1, 2000. Persons with two or more jobs were to report the information for the job at which they worked the most hours.

The National Occupational Classification (NOC) was developed by Statistics Canada and Human Resources Development Canada (HRDC). It is primarily used by HRDC to classify occupational data. Although Statistics Canada normally disseminates occupational data based on the 2001 National Occupational Classification for Statistics, the NOC was used to derive the “Occupation” variable because HRDC defines its employment equity groups on the basis of the NOC.

The NOC is a three-tiered hierarchical arrangement of occupational groups.  It consists of 26 major groups, 140 minor groups and 520 unit groups. Each unit group has a unique four-digit code. The first three digits of this code indicate the minor and major groups to which the unit group belongs.

The NOC was revised for 2001. Therefore, 2001 data are not directly comparable with data from the 1996 and 1991 Censuses. The following table summarizes the changes affecting the employment equity categories.

1991 / 1996 NOC Code	Employment Equity Category in 1996 and 1991	Employment Equity Category in 2001	
1421	Clerical personnel	Semi-professionals and technicians	
6470	Intermediate sales and service personnel	Semi-professionals and technicians	
6631	Other sales and service personnel	Intermediate sales and service personnel	
6671*	Other sales and service personnel	Intermediate sales and service personnel	
9510	Semi-skilled manual workers	Skilled crafts and trades workers	

*  Only part of this unit group changed employment equity categories in 2001.

Reported for: Primary household maintainers 15 years of age and over in private households, who have worked since January 1, 2000

Code	Description	Counts	Includes	
98	Not available	7		
99	Not applicable	87,605	Households where the primary household maintainer did not work since January 1, 2000	
1	Senior managers	4,347	Major group 00	
2	Middle and other managers	25,057	Major groups 01-09	
3	Professionals	39,525	Major groups 11, 21, 31, 41, 51	
4	Semi-professionals and technicians	17,021	Major groups 22, 32, 42, 52	
5	Supervisors	2,740	Minor groups 121, 621	
6	Supervisors: crafts and trades	10,006	Minor groups 721, 722, 821, 822, 825, 921, 922	
7	Administrative and senior clerical personnel	9,427	Minor groups 122-124	
8	Skilled sales and service personnel	9,312	Minor groups 622-627	
9	Skilled crafts and trades workers	24,515	Major group 73
Minor groups 723-729, 823, 824, 826, 923	
10	Clerical personnel	16,780	Major group 14	
11	Intermediate sales and service personnel	18,406	Major groups 34, 64	
12	Semi-skilled manual workers	27,199	Major groups 74, 84, 94, 95	
13	Other sales and service personnel	13,133	Major group 66	
14	Other manual workers	7,433	Major groups 76, 86, 96	

SHMNOCHR – Field 116

OCCUPATION (EMPLOYMENT EQUITY DESIGNATIONS – BASED ON THE NATIONAL OCCUPATIONAL CLASSIFICATION) OF THE SPOUSE OR COMMON-LAW PARTNER OF THE PRIMARY HOUSEHOLD MAINTAINER

Refers to the kind of work the spouse or common-law partner of the primary household maintainer was doing during the reference week, as determined by his or her kind of work and the description of the main activities in his or her job. If the person did not have a job during the week (Sunday to Saturday) prior to enumeration (May 15, 2001), the data relate to the job of longest duration since January 1, 2000. Persons with two or more jobs were to report the information for the job at which they worked the most hours.

The National Occupational Classification (NOC) was developed by Statistics Canada and Human Resources Development Canada (HRDC). It is primarily used by HRDC to classify occupational data. Although Statistics Canada normally disseminates occupational data based on the 2001 National Occupational Classification for Statistics, the NOC was used to derive the “Occupation” variable because HRDC defines its employment equity groups on the basis of the NOC.

The NOC is a three-tiered hierarchical arrangement of occupational groups.  It consists of 26 major groups, 140 minor groups and 520 unit groups. Each unit group has a unique four-digit code. The first three digits of this code indicate the minor and major groups to which the unit group belongs.

The NOC was revised for 2001. Therefore, 2001 data are not directly comparable with data from the 1996 and 1991 Censuses. The following table summarizes the changes affecting the employment equity categories.

1991 / 1996 NOC Code	Employment Equity Category in 1996 and 1991	Employment Equity Category in 2001	
1421	Clerical personnel	Semi-professionals and technicians	
6470	Intermediate sales and service personnel	Semi-professionals and technicians	
6631	Other sales and service personnel	Intermediate sales and service personnel	
6671*	Other sales and service personnel	Intermediate sales and service personnel	
9510	Semi-skilled manual workers	Skilled crafts and trades workers	

*  Only part of this unit group changed employment equity categories in 2001.

Reported for: Spouses or common-law partners of primary household maintainers 15 years of age and over in private households, who have worked since January 1, 2000

Code	Description	Counts	Includes	
98	Not available	4		
99	Not applicable	183,769	Households where the spouse or common-law partner of the primary household maintainer did not work since January 1, 2000, and households with no spouse or common-law partner of the primary household maintainer	
1	Senior managers	1,306	Major group 00	
2	Middle and other managers	11,242	Major groups 01-09	
3	Professionals	22,416	Major groups 11, 21, 31, 41, 51	
4	Semi-professionals and technicians	10,144	Major groups 22, 32, 42, 52	
5	Supervisors	1,865	Minor groups 121, 621	
6	Supervisors: crafts and trades	3,106	Minor groups 721, 722, 821, 822, 825, 921, 922	
7	Administrative and senior clerical personnel	12,357	Minor groups 122-124	
8	Skilled sales and service personnel	5,190	Minor groups 622-627	
9	Skilled crafts and trades workers	5,533	Major group 73
Minor groups 723-729, 823, 824, 826, 923	
10	Clerical personnel	16,218	Major group 14	
11	Intermediate sales and service personnel	15,640	Major groups 34, 64	
12	Semi-skilled manual workers	10,178	Major groups 74, 84, 94, 95	
13	Other sales and service personnel	10,180	Major group 66	
14	Other manual workers	3,365	Major groups 76, 86, 96	

HMNOC01 – Field 117

OCCUPATION (BASED ON THE 2001 NATIONAL OCCUPATIONAL CLASSIFICATION FOR STATISTICS [NOC–S 2001]) OF THE PRIMARY HOUSEHOLD MAINTAINER

Refers to the kind of work the primary household maintainer was doing during the reference week, as determined by his or her kind of work and the description of the main activities in his or her job. If the person did not have a job during the week (Sunday to Saturday) prior to enumeration (May 15, 2001), the data relate to the job of longest duration since January 1, 2000. Persons with two or more jobs were to report the information for the job at which they worked the most hours.

The 2001 occupation data are classified according to the 2001 National Occupational Classification for Statistics (NOC–S 2001). This classification is composed of four levels of aggregation. There are 10 broad occupational categories containing 47 major groups that are further subdivided into 140 minor groups. At the most detailed level, there are 520 occupation unit groups. Occupation unit groups are formed on the basis of the education, training, or skill level required to enter the job, as well as the kind of work performed, as determined by the tasks, duties and responsibilities of the occupation.

For information on the NOC–S 2001, see the National Occupational Classification for Statistics, 2001, Catalogue No. 12‑583-XPE.

Reported for: Primary household maintainers 15 years of age and over in private households, who have worked since January 1, 2000

Code	Description	Counts	Includes	
98	Not available	40		
99	Not applicable	87,604	Households where the primary household maintainer did not work since January 1, 2000	
1	A  Management occupations	29,402	Major groups A0 - A3	
2	B  Business, finance and administrative occupations	33,712	Major groups B0 - B5	
3	C  Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	18,342	Major groups C0 - C1	
4	D  Health occupations	10,587	Major groups D0 - D3	
5	E  Occupations in social science, education, government service and religion	17,857	Major groups E0 - E2	
6	F  Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	5,799	Major groups F0 - F1	
7	G  Sales and service occupations	40,033	Major groups G0 - G9	
8	H  Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	42,112	Major groups H0 - H8	
9	I  Occupations unique to primary industry	10,460	Major groups I0 - I2	
10	J  Occupations unique to processing, manufacturing and utilities	16,565	Major groups J0 - J3	

SHMNOC01 – Field 118

OCCUPATION (BASED ON THE 2001 NATIONAL OCCUPATIONAL CLASSIFICATION FOR STATISTICS [NOC–S 2001]) OF THE SPOUSE OR COMMON-LAW PARTNER OF THE PRIMARY HOUSEHOLD MAINTAINER

Refers to the kind of work the spouse or common-law partner of the primary household maintainer was doing during the reference week, as determined by his or her kind of work and the description of the main activities in his or her job. If the person did not have a job during the week (Sunday to Saturday) prior to enumeration (May 15, 2001), the data relate to the job of longest duration since January 1, 2000. Persons with two or more jobs were to report the information for the job at which they worked the most hours.

The 2001 occupation data are classified according to the 2001 National Occupational Classification for Statistics (NOC–S 2001). This classification is composed of four levels of aggregation. There are 10 broad occupational categories containing 47 major groups that are further subdivided into 140 minor groups. At the most detailed level, there are 520 occupation unit groups. Occupation unit groups are formed on the basis of the education, training, or skill level required to enter the job, as well as the kind of work performed, as determined by the tasks, duties and responsibilities of the occupation.

For information on the NOC–S 2001, see the National Occupational Classification for Statistics, 2001, Catalogue No. 12‑583-XPE.

Reported for: Spouses or common-law partners of primary household maintainers 15 years of age and over in private households, who have worked since January 1, 2000

Code	Description	Counts	Includes	
98	Not available	38		
99	Not applicable	183,769	Households where the spouse or common-law partner of the primary household maintainer did not work since January 1, 2000, and household with no spouse or common-law partner of the primary household maintainer	
1	A  Management occupations	12,547	Major groups A0 - A3	
2	B  Business, finance and administrative occupations	32,679	Major groups B0 - B5	
3	C  Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	5,473	Major groups C0 - C1	
4	D  Health occupations	10,005	Major groups D0 - D3	
5	E  Occupations in social science, education, government service and religion	12,777	Major groups E0 - E2	
6	F  Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	3,554	Major groups F0 - F1	
7	G  Sales and service occupations	29,514	Major groups G0 - G9	
8	H  Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	10,336	Major groups H0 - H8	
9	I  Occupations unique to primary industry	4,040	Major groups I0 - I2	
10	J  Occupations unique to processing, manufacturing and utilities	7,781	Major groups J0 - J3	

HMIND80 – Field 119

INDUSTRY (BASED ON THE 1980 STANDARD INDUSTRIAL CLASSIFICATION [SIC])
OF THE PRIMARY HOUSEHOLD MAINTAINER

Refers to the general nature of the business carried out in the establishment where the primary household maintainer worked. If the person did not have a job during the week (Sunday to Saturday) prior to enumeration (May 15, 2001), data relate to the job of longest duration since January 1, 2000. Persons with two or more jobs were to report the information for the job at which they worked the most hours.

The variable “Industry (based on the 1980 Standard Industrial Classification [SIC])” permits direct comparisons between 1986, 1991, 1996 and 2001 Census industry data.

Reported for: Primary household maintainers 15 years of age and over in private households, who have worked since January 1, 2000

Code	Description	Counts	Includes	
98	Not available	120		
99	Not applicable	87,599	Households where the primary household maintainer did not work since January 1, 2000	
1	Agriculture	6,703	Division A	
2	Other primary industries	6,129	Divisions B, C, D	
3	Manufacturing	36,807	Division E	
4	Construction 	15,945	Division F	
5	Transportation and storage	11,959	Division G	
6	Communication and other utilities 	7,898	Division H	
7	Wholesale trade	12,787	Division I	
8	Retail trade	20,286	Division J	
9	Finance, insurance and real estate	12,173	Divisions K, L	
10	Business services	20,440	Division M	
11	Government services	14,884	Division N	
12	Educational services	14,954	Division O	
13	Health and social services	19,561	Division P	
14	Accommodation, food and beverage services	9,932	Division Q	
15	Other services	14,336	Division R	

SHMIND80 – Field 120

INDUSTRY (BASED ON THE 1980 STANDARD INDUSTRIAL CLASSIFICATION [SIC]) OF THE SPOUSE OR COMMON-LAW PARTNER OF THE PRIMARY HOUSEHOLD MAINTAINER

Refers to the general nature of the business carried out in the establishment where the spouse or common-law partner of the primary household maintainer worked. If the person did not have a job during the week (Sunday to Saturday) prior to enumeration (May 15, 2001), data relate to the job of longest duration since January 1, 2000. Persons with two or more jobs were to report the information for the job at which they worked the most hours.

The variable “Industry (based on the 1980 Standard Industrial Classification [SIC])” permits direct comparisons between 1986, 1991, 1996 and 2001 Census industry data.

Reported for: Spouses or common-law partners of primary household maintainers 15 years of age and over in private households, who have worked since January 1, 2000

Code	Description	Counts	Includes	
98	Not available	112		
99	Not applicable	183,769	Households where the spouse or common-law partner of the primary household maintainer did not work since January 1, 2000, and households with no spouse or common-law partner of the primary household maintainer	
1	Agriculture	3,594	Division A	
2	Other primary industries	1,637	Divisions B, C, D	
3	Manufacturing	14,953	Division E	
4	Construction 	4,973	Division F	
5	Transportation and storage	3,848	Division G	
6	Communication and other utilities 	3,199	Division H	
7	Wholesale trade	5,827	Division I	
8	Retail trade	15,075	Division J	
9	Finance, insurance and real estate	8,746	Divisions K, L	
10	Business services	10,555	Division M	
11	Government services	6,902	Division N	
12	Educational services	12,056	Division O	
13	Health and social services	20,122	Division P	
14	Accommodation, food and beverage services	7,406	Division Q	
15	Other services	9,739	Division R	

HMNAICS – Field 121

INDUSTRY (BASED ON THE 1997 NORTH AMERICAN INDUSTRY CLASSIFICATION SYSTEM [NAICS]) OF THE PRIMARY HOUSEHOLD MAINTAINER

Refers to the general nature of the business carried out in the establishment where the primary household maintainer worked. If the person did not have a job during the week (Sunday to Saturday) prior to enumeration (May 15, 2001), the data relate to the job of longest duration since January 1, 2000. Persons with two or more jobs were required to report the information for the job at which they worked the most hours.

The 2001 industry data are produced according to the 1997 NAICS. The NAICS provides enhanced industry comparability among the three North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) trading partners (Canada, United States and Mexico). This classification consists of a systematic and comprehensive arrangement of industries structured into 20 sectors, 99 subsectors and 300 industry groups. The criteria used to create these categories are similarity of input structures, labour skills or production processes used by the establishment. For further information on the classification, see North American Industry Classification System, Canada, 1997, Catalogue No. 12‑501‑XPE.

The variable “Industry (based on the 1997 NAICS)” does not permit direct comparison to any previous census industry data. The 1980 Standard Industrial Classification should be used for comparisons between the 1986, 1991, 1996 and 2001 Censuses.

Reported for: Primary household maintainers 15 years of age and over in private households, who have worked since January 1, 2000

Code	Description	Counts	Includes	
98	Not available	615		
99	Not applicable	87,599	Households where the primary household maintainer did not work since January 1, 2000	
1	Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	8,976	Sector 11	
2	Mining and oil and gas extraction	3,364	Sector 21	
3	Utilities	2,299	Sector 22	
4	Construction	15,346	Sector 23	
5	Manufacturing	36,173	Sectors 31-33	
6	Wholesale trade	10,951	Sector 41	
7	Retail trade	18,489	Sectors 44-45	
8	Transportation and warehousing	13,541	Sectors 48-49	
9	Information and cultural industries	6,262	Sector 51	
10	Finance and insurance	8,593	Sector 52	
11	Real estate and rental and leasing	4,065	Sector 53	
12	Professional, scientific and technical services	15,822	Sector 54	
13	Management of companies and enterprises	226	Sector 55	
14	Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	8,237	Sector 56	
15	Educational services	14,230	Sector 61	
16	Health care and social assistance	18,699	Sector 62	
17	Arts, entertainment and recreation	3,538	Sector 71	
18	Accommodation and food services	9,811	Sector 72	
19	Other services (except public administration)	10,446	Sector 81	
20	Public administration	15,231	Sector 91	

SHMNAICS – Field 122

INDUSTRY (BASED ON THE 1997 NORTH AMERICAN INDUSTRY CLASSIFICATION SYSTEM [NAICS]) OF THE SPOUSE OR COMMON-LAW PARTNER OF THE PRIMARY HOUSEHOLD MAINTAINER

Refers to the general nature of the business carried out in the establishment where the spouse or common-law partner of the primary household maintainer worked. If the person did not have a job during the week (Sunday to Saturday) prior to enumeration (May 15, 2001), the data relate to the job of longest duration since January 1, 2000. Persons with two or more jobs were required to report the information for the job at which they worked the most hours.

The 2001 industry data are produced according to the 1997 NAICS. The NAICS provides enhanced industry comparability among the three North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) trading partners (Canada, United States and Mexico). This classification consists of a systematic and comprehensive arrangement of industries structured into 20 sectors, 99 subsectors and 300 industry groups. The criteria used to create these categories are similarity of input structures, labour skills or production processes used by the establishment. For further information on the classification, see North American Industry Classification System, Canada, 1997, Catalogue No. 12‑501‑XPE.

The variable “Industry (based on the 1997 NAICS)” does not permit direct comparison to any previous census industry data. The 1980 Standard Industrial Classification should be used for comparisons between the 1986, 1991, 1996 and 2001 Censuses.

Reported for: Spouses or common-law partners of primary household maintainers 15 years of age and over in private households, who have worked since January 1, 2000

Code	Description	Counts	Includes	
98	Not available	403		
99	Not applicable	183,769	Households where the spouse or common-law partner of the primary household maintainer did not work since January 1, 2000, and households with no spouse or common-law partner of the primary household maintainer	
1	Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	4,136	Sector 11	
2	Mining and oil and gas extraction	770	Sector 21	
3	Utilities	691	Sector 22	
4	Construction	4,833	Sector 23	
5	Manufacturing	14,582	Sectors 31-33	
6	Wholesale trade	4,989	Sector 41	
7	Retail trade	14,415	Sectors 44-45	
8	Transportation and warehousing	4,896	Sectors 48-49	
9	Information and cultural industries	3,111	Sector 51	
10	Finance and insurance	6,748	Sector 52	
11	Real estate and rental and leasing	2,180	Sector 53	
12	Professional, scientific and technical services	8,150	Sector 54	
13	Management of companies and enterprises	155	Sector 55	
14	Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	4,835	Sector 56	
15	Educational services	11,537	Sector 61	
16	Health care and social assistance	19,334	Sector 62	
17	Arts, entertainment and recreation	2,115	Sector 71	
18	Accommodation and food services	7,267	Sector 72	
19	Other services (except public administration)	6,517	Sector 81	
20	Public administration	7,080	Sector 91	

HMUPHWK – Field 123

UNPAID WORK: HOURS SPENT DOING UNPAID HOUSEWORK BY THE PRIMARY
HOUSEHOLD MAINTAINER

Refers to the number of hours the primary household maintainer spent doing unpaid housework, yard work or home maintenance in the week (Sunday to Saturday) prior to Census Day (May 15, 2001). It includes hours spent doing unpaid housework for members of one’s own household, for other family members outside the household, and for friends or neighbours.

Unpaid housework does not include volunteer work for a non-profit organization, a religious organization, a charity or community group, or work without pay in the operation of a family farm, business or professional practice.

Reported for: Primary household maintainers 15 years of age and over in private households

Code	Description	Counts	Includes	
0	None	27,317		
1	Less than 5 hours	67,612		
2	5 to 14 hours	114,262		
3	15 to 29 hours	63,953		
4	30 to 59 hours	29,181		
5	60 hours or more	10,188		

SHMUPHWK – Field 124

UNPAID WORK: HOURS SPENT DOING UNPAID HOUSEWORK BY THE SPOUSE OR COMMON‑LAW PARTNER OF THE PRIMARY HOUSEHOLD MAINTAINER

Refers to the number of hours that the spouse or common-law partner of the primary household maintainer spent doing unpaid housework, yard work or home maintenance in the week (Sunday to Saturday) prior to Census Day (May 15, 2001). It includes hours spent doing unpaid housework for members of one’s own household, for other family members outside the household, and for friends or neighbours.

Unpaid housework does not include volunteer work for a non-profit organization, a religious organization, a charity or community group, or work without pay in the operation of a family farm, business or professional practice.

Reported for: Spouses or common-law partners of primary household maintainers 15 years of age in private households

Code	Description	Counts	Includes	
9	Not applicable	126,377	Households with no spouse or common-law partner of the primary household maintainer	
0	None	8,658		
1	Less than 5 hours	20,750		
2	5 to 14 hours	55,070		
3	15 to 29 hours	51,637		
4	30 to 59 hours	34,699		
5	60 hours or more	15,322		

HMUPKID – Field 125

UNPAID WORK: HOURS SPENT LOOKING AFTER CHILDREN, WITHOUT PAY,
BY THE PRIMARY HOUSEHOLD MAINTAINER

Refers to the number of hours the primary household maintainer spent looking after children without pay.  It includes hours spent providing unpaid child care for members of one’s own household, for other family members outside the household, for friends or neighbours in the week (Sunday to Saturday) prior to Census Day (May 15, 2001).

Unpaid child care does not include volunteer work for a non-profit organization, a religious organization, a charity or community group, or work without pay in the operation of a family farm, business or professional practice.

Reported for: Primary household maintainers 15 years of age and over in private households

Code	Description	Counts	Includes	
0	None	192,981		
1	Less than 5 hours	30,967		
2	5 to 14 hours	33,612		
3	15 to 29 hours	22,370		
4	30 to 59 hours	15,382		
5	60 hours or more	17,201		

SHMUPKID – Field 126

UNPAID WORK: HOURS SPENT LOOKING AFTER CHILDREN, WITHOUT PAY, BY THE SPOUSE OR COMMON-LAW PARTNER OF THE PRIMARY HOUSEHOLD MAINTAINER

Refers to the number of hours that the spouse or common-law partner of the primary household maintainer spent looking after children without pay.  It includes hours spent providing unpaid child care for members of one’s own household, for other family members outside the household, for friends or neighbours, the week (Sunday to Saturday) prior to Census Day (May 15, 2001).

Unpaid child care does not include volunteer work for a non-profit organization, a religious organization, a charity or community group, or work without pay in the operation of a family farm, business or professional practice.

Reported for: Spouses or common-law partners of primary household maintainers 15 years of age and over in private households

Code	Description	Counts	Includes	
9	Not applicable	126,377	Households with no spouse or common-law partner of the primary household maintainer	
0	None	91,090		
1	Less than 5 hours	17,549		
2	5 to 14 hours	22,236		
3	15 to 29 hours	18,229		
4	30 to 59 hours	15,436		
5	60 hours or more	21,596		

HMUPSR – Field 127

UNPAID WORK: HOURS SPENT PROVIDING UNPAID CARE OR ASSISTANCE TO SENIORS BY THE PRIMARY HOUSEHOLD MAINTAINER

Refers to the number of hours the primary household maintainer spent providing unpaid care or assistance to seniors of one’s own household, to other senior family members outside the household, and to friends or neighbours in the week (Sunday to Saturday) prior to Census Day (May 15, 2001).

Unpaid care or assistance to seniors does not include volunteer work for a non-profit organization, religious organization, charity or community group, or work without pay in the operation of a family farm, business or professional practice.

Reported for: Primary household maintainers 15 years of age and over in private households

Code	Description	Counts	Includes	
0	None	256,787		
1	Less than 5 hours	35,895		
2	5 to 9 hours	12,023		
3	10 to 19 hours	4,119		
4	20 hours or more	3,689		

SHMUPSR – Field 128

UNPAID WORK: HOURS SPENT PROVIDING UNPAID CARE OR ASSISTANCE TO SENIORS BY THE SPOUSE OF COMMON-LAW PARTNER OF THE PRIMARY HOUSEHOLD MAINTAINER

Refers to the number of hours that the spouse or common-law partner of the primary household maintainer spent providing unpaid care or assistance to seniors of one’s own household, to other senior family members outside the household, and to friends or neighbours in the week (Sunday to Saturday) prior to Census Day (May 15, 2001).

Unpaid care or assistance to seniors does not include volunteer work for a non-profit organization, religious organization, charity or community group, or work without pay in the operation of a family farm, business or professional practice.

Reported for: Spouses or common-law partners of primary household maintainers 15 years of age and over in private households

Code	Description	Counts	Includes	
9	Not applicable	126,377	Households with no spouse or common-law partner of the primary household maintainer	
0	None	143,722		
1	Less than 5 hours	26,037		
2	5 to 9 hours	9,658		
3	10 to 19 hours	3,546		
4	20 hours or more	3,173		

NUIRH – Field 129

NUMBER OF INCOME RECIPIENTS IN THE HOUSEHOLD

Refers to the number of individuals 15 years of age and over in the household who received income during calendar year 2000 from any of the following sources: wages and salaries; net farm income; net non-farm income from unincorporated business and/or professional practice; Canada Child Tax Benefits; Old Age Security pension and Guaranteed Income Supplement; benefits from the Canada or Quebec Pension Plan; benefits from Employment Insurance; other income from government sources; dividends, interest on bonds, deposits and savings certificates, and other investment income; retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from RRSPs and RRIFs; and other money income.

Reported for: Population 15 years of age and over in private households

Code	Description	Counts	Includes	
0	No recipient	507		
1	One recipient	100,022		
2	Two recipients	152,337		
3	Three recipients	37,666		
4	Four recipients	16,670		
5	Five or more recipients	5,311		

NUEMPINH – Field 130

NUMBER OF EMPLOYMENT INCOME RECIPIENTS IN THE HOUSEHOLD

Refers to the number of individuals 15 years of age and over in the household who received income during calendar year 2000 from one or more of the three sources of employment income: wages and salaries, net income from a non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice, and/or net farm self-employment income.

Reported for: Population 15 years of age and over in private households

Code	Description	Counts	Includes	
0	No recipient	73,558		
1	One recipient	92,626		
2	Two recipients	105,685		
3	Three recipients	26,640		
4	Four recipients	11,260		
5	Five or more recipients	2,744		

TOTINCH – Field 131

TOTAL HOUSEHOLD INCOME

Refers to the total money income received by all individuals 15 years of age and over in the household during calendar year 2000 from the sources listed below:

(1)  Wages and Salaries

Refers to gross wages and salaries before deductions for such items as income tax, pensions and Employment Insurance. Included in this source are military pay and allowances, tips, commissions and cash bonuses, benefits from wage-loss replacement plans or income-maintenance insurance plans, as well as all types of casual earnings during calendar year 2000. The value of taxable allowances and benefits provided by employers, such as free lodging and free automobile use, is excluded.

(2)  Net Farm Income

Refers to net income (gross receipts from farm sales minus depreciation and cost of operation) received during calendar year 2000 from the operation of a farm, either on the respondent’s own account or in partnership. In the case of partnerships, only the respondent’s share of income was reported. Included with gross receipts are cash advances received in 2000, dividends from cooperatives, rebates and farm‑support payments to farmers from federal, provincial and regional agricultural programs (e.g. milk subsidies and marketing board payments) and gross insurance proceeds such as payments from the Net Income Stabilization Account (NISA). The value of income “in kind”, such as agricultural products produced and consumed on the farm, is excluded.

(3)  Net Non-farm Income from Unincorporated Business and/or Professional Practice

Refers to net income (gross receipts minus expenses of operation such as wages, rents and depreciation) received during calendar year 2000 from the respondent’s non-farm unincorporated business or professional practice. In the case of partnerships, only the respondent’s share was reported. Also included is net income from persons babysitting in their own homes, persons providing room and board to non-relatives, self-employed fishers, hunters and trappers, operators of direct distributorships (such as those selling and delivering cosmetics), as well as from freelance activities of artists, writers, music teachers, hairdressers, dressmakers, etc.

(4)  Canada Child Tax Benefits

Refers to payments received under the Canada Child Tax Benefit program during calendar year 2000 by eligible parents with dependent children under 18 years of age. No information on these benefits was collected from respondents. Instead, these were calculated and assigned, where applicable, to one of the parents in the census family on the basis of information on children in the family and the family income. Included with the Canada Child Tax Benefit is the National Child Benefit Supplement (NCBS) for low‑income families with children. The NCBS is the federal contribution to the National Child Benefit (NCB), a joint initiative of federal, provincial and territorial governments. Also included under this program are child benefits and earned income supplements provided by certain provinces and territories.

(5)  Old Age Security Pension and Guaranteed Income Supplement

Refers to Old Age Security pensions and Guaranteed Income Supplements paid to persons 65 years of age and over, and to the Allowance or Allowance for the survivor paid to 60- to 64-year-old spouses of old age security recipients or widow(er)s by the federal government during the calendar year 2000.

(6)  Benefits from Canada or Quebec Pension Plan

Refers to benefits received during calendar year 2000 from the Canada or Quebec Pension Plan (e.g. retirement pensions, survivors’ benefits and disability pensions). Does not include lump-sum death benefits.

(7)  Benefits from Employment Insurance

Refers to total Employment Insurance benefits received during calendar year 2000, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, work sharing, retraining and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal Employment Insurance Program.

(8)  Other Income from Government Sources

Refers to all transfer payments, excluding those covered as a separate income source (Canada Child Tax Benefits, Old Age Security pensions and Guaranteed Income Supplements, Canada or Quebec Pension Plan benefits and Employment Insurance benefits) received from federal, provincial or municipal programs during calendar year 2000. This source includes social assistance payments received by persons in need, such as mothers with dependent children, persons temporarily or permanently unable to work, elderly individuals, the blind and persons with disabilities. Included are provincial income supplement payments to seniors and provincial payments to help offset accommodation costs. Also included are other transfer payments, such as payments received from training programs sponsored by the federal and provincial governments, regular payments from provincial automobile insurance plans, veterans’ pensions, war veterans’ allowance, pensions to widows and dependants of veterans, and workers’ compensation. Additionally, refundable provincial tax credits, the Alberta Energy Tax Refund and refunds of the Goods and Services Tax (GST), Harmonized Sales Tax (HST) or Quebec Sales Tax (QST) received in 2000 are included.

(9)  Dividends, Interest on Bonds, Deposits and Savings Certificates, and Other Investment Income

Refers to interest received during calendar year 2000 from deposits in banks, trust companies, cooperatives, credit unions, caisses populaires, etc., as well as interest on savings certificates, bonds and debentures and all dividends from both Canadian and foreign corporate stocks and mutual funds. Also included is other investment income from either Canadian or foreign sources such as net rents from real estate, mortgage and loan interest received, regular income from an estate or trust fund, and interest from insurance policies.

(10)  Retirement Pensions, Superannuation and Annuities, Including Those from RRSPs
and RRIFs

Refers to all regular income received by the respondent during calendar year 2000 as the result of having been a member of a pension plan of one or more employers. It includes payments received from all annuities, including payments from a matured Registered Retirement Savings Plan (RRSP) in the form of a life annuity, a fixed-term annuity, a Registered Retirement Income Fund (RRIF) or an income-averaging annuity contract; pensions paid to widow(er)s or other relatives of deceased pensioners; pensions of retired civil servants, Armed Forces personnel and Royal Canadian Mounted Police (RCMP) officers; annuity payments received from the Canadian Government Annuities Fund, an insurance company, etc. Does not include lump-sum death benefits, lump-sum benefits or withdrawals from a pension plan or RRSP, or refunds of overcontributions.

(11)  Other Money Income

Refers to regular cash income received during calendar year 2000 and not reported in any of the other nine sources listed on the questionnaire. For example, alimony, child support, periodic support from other persons not in the household, income from abroad (excluding dividends and interest), non‑refundable scholarships and bursaries, severance pay and royalties are included.

Receipts Not Counted as Income

Gambling gains and losses, lottery prizes, money inherited during the year in a lump sum, capital gains or losses, receipts from the sale of property, income tax refunds, loan payments received, lump-sum settlements of insurance policies, rebates received on property taxes, refunds of pension contributions were excluded, as well as all income “in kind” such as free meals, living accommodations, or agricultural products produced and consumed on the farm. 

Remarks

No income information was collected from institutional residents in the 2001 Census. Individuals immigrating to Canada in 2001 have zero income. Also, because of response problems, all individuals in Hutterite colonies were assigned zero income. Furthermore, data on households, economic families, unattached individuals, census families and non-family persons relate to private households only.

Reported for: Population 15 years of age and over in private households

This is a signed numeric field, and it shows the actual amount received in 2000, except for certain cases where the reported amount was beyond specified limits. For further information on income data, see Chapter IV.

The value 0 stands for No income.

The value 1 is assigned to cases where the sum of negative and positive amounts in income sources equalled zero.

The value 9999999 stands for Not applicable, and it is applied to persons less than 15 years of age.

HMTOTIN – Field 132

TOTAL INCOME OF THE PRIMARY HOUSEHOLD MAINTAINER

Refers to the total money income received from the sources listed below during calendar year 2000 by persons 15 years of age and over:

(1)  Wages and Salaries

Refers to gross wages and salaries before deductions for such items as income tax, pensions and Employment Insurance. Included in this source are military pay and allowances, tips, commissions and cash bonuses, benefits from wage-loss replacement plans or income-maintenance insurance plans, as well as all types of casual earnings during calendar year 2000. The value of taxable allowances and benefits provided by employers, such as free lodging and free automobile use, is excluded.

(2)  Net Farm Income

Refers to net income (gross receipts from farm sales minus depreciation and cost of operation) received during calendar year 2000 from the operation of a farm, either on the respondent’s own account or in partnership. In the case of partnerships, only the respondent’s share of income was reported. Included with gross receipts are cash advances received in 2000, dividends from cooperatives, rebates and farm‑support payments to farmers from federal, provincial and regional agricultural programs (e.g. milk subsidies and marketing board payments) and gross insurance proceeds such as payments from the Net Income Stabilization Account (NISA). The value of income “in kind”, such as agricultural products produced and consumed on the farm, is excluded.

(3)  Net Non-farm Income from Unincorporated Business and/or Professional Practice

Refers to net income (gross receipts minus expenses of operation such as wages, rents and depreciation) received during calendar year 2000 from the respondent’s non-farm unincorporated business or professional practice. In the case of partnerships, only the respondent’s share was reported. Also included is net income from persons babysitting in their own homes, persons providing room and board to non-relatives, self-employed fishers, hunters and trappers, operators of direct distributorships (such as those selling and delivering cosmetics), as well as from freelance activities of artists, writers, music teachers, hairdressers, dressmakers, etc.

(4)  Canada Child Tax Benefits

Refers to payments received under the Canada Child Tax Benefit program during calendar year 2000 by eligible parents with dependent children under 18 years of age. No information on these benefits was collected from respondents. Instead, these were calculated and assigned, where applicable, to one of the parents in the census family on the basis of information on children in the family and the family income. Included with the Canada Child Tax Benefit is the National Child Benefit Supplement (NCBS) for low‑income families with children. The NCBS is the federal contribution to the National Child Benefit (NCB), a joint initiative of federal, provincial and territorial governments. Also included under this program are child benefits and earned income supplements provided by certain provinces and territories.

(5)  Old Age Security Pension and Guaranteed Income Supplement

Refers to Old Age Security pensions and Guaranteed Income Supplements paid to persons 65 years of age and over, and to the Allowance or Allowance for the survivor paid to 60- to 64-year-old spouses of old age security recipients or widow(er)s by the federal government during the calendar year 2000.

(6)  Benefits from Canada or Quebec Pension Plan

Refers to benefits received during calendar year 2000 from the Canada or Quebec Pension Plan (e.g. retirement pensions, survivors’ benefits and disability pensions). Does not include lump-sum death benefits.

(7)  Benefits from Employment Insurance

Refers to total Employment Insurance benefits received during calendar year 2000, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, work sharing, retraining and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal Employment Insurance Program.

(8)  Other Income from Government Sources

Refers to all transfer payments, excluding those covered as a separate income source (Canada Child Tax Benefits, Old Age Security pensions and Guaranteed Income Supplements, Canada or Quebec Pension Plan benefits and Employment Insurance benefits) received from federal, provincial or municipal programs during calendar year 2000. This source includes social assistance payments received by persons in need, such as mothers with dependent children, persons temporarily or permanently unable to work, elderly individuals, the blind and persons with disabilities. Included are provincial income supplement payments to seniors and provincial payments to help offset accommodation costs. Also included are other transfer payments, such as payments received from training programs sponsored by the federal and provincial governments, regular payments from provincial automobile insurance plans, veterans’ pensions, war veterans’ allowance, pensions to widows and dependants of veterans, and workers’ compensation. Additionally, refundable provincial tax credits, the Alberta Energy Tax Refund and refunds of the Goods and Services Tax (GST), Harmonized Sales Tax (HST) or Quebec Sales Tax (QST) received in 2000 are included.

(9)  Dividends, Interest on Bonds, Deposits and Savings Certificates, and Other Investment Income

Refers to interest received during calendar year 2000 from deposits in banks, trust companies, cooperatives, credit unions, caisses populaires, etc., as well as interest on savings certificates, bonds and debentures and all dividends from both Canadian and foreign corporate stocks and mutual funds. Also included is other investment income from either Canadian or foreign sources such as net rents from real estate, mortgage and loan interest received, regular income from an estate or trust fund, and interest from insurance policies.

(10)  Retirement Pensions, Superannuation and Annuities, Including Those from RRSPs
and RRIFs

Refers to all regular income received by the respondent during calendar year 2000 as the result of having been a member of a pension plan of one or more employers. It includes payments received from all annuities, including payments from a matured Registered Retirement Savings Plan (RRSP) in the form of a life annuity, a fixed-term annuity, a Registered Retirement Income Fund (RRIF) or an income-averaging annuity contract; pensions paid to widow(er)s or other relatives of deceased pensioners; pensions of retired civil servants, Armed Forces personnel and Royal Canadian Mounted Police (RCMP) officers; annuity payments received from the Canadian Government Annuities Fund, an insurance company, etc. Does not include lump-sum death benefits, lump-sum benefits or withdrawals from a pension plan or RRSP, or refunds of overcontributions.

(11)  Other Money Income

Refers to regular cash income received during calendar year 2000 and not reported in any of the other nine sources listed on the questionnaire. For example, alimony, child support, periodic support from other persons not in the household, income from abroad (excluding dividends and interest), non‑refundable scholarships and bursaries, severance pay and royalties are included.

Receipts Not Counted as Income

Gambling gains and losses, lottery prizes, money inherited during the year in a lump sum, capital gains or losses, receipts from the sale of property, income tax refunds, loan payments received, lump-sum settlements of insurance policies, rebates received on property taxes, refunds of pension contributions were excluded, as well as all income “in kind” such as free meals, living accommodations, or agricultural products produced and consumed on the farm. 

Remarks

No income information was collected from institutional residents in the 2001 Census. Individuals immigrating to Canada in 2001 have zero income. Also, because of response problems, all individuals in Hutterite colonies were assigned zero income. Furthermore, data on households, economic families, unattached individuals, census families and non-family persons relate to private households only.

Reported for: Primary household maintainers 15 years of age and over in private households

This is a signed numeric field, and it shows the actual amount received in 2000, except for certain cases where the reported amount was beyond specified limits. For further information on income data, see Chapter IV.

The value 0 stands for No income.

The value 1 is assigned to cases where the sum of negative and positive amounts in income sources equalled zero.

The value 9999999 stands for Not applicable, and it is applied to persons less than 15 years of age.

SHMTOTIN – Field 133

TOTAL INCOME OF THE SPOUSE OR COMMON-LAW PARTNER
OF THE PRIMARY HOUSEHOLD MAINTAINER

Refers to the total money income received by the spouse or common-law partner of the primary household maintainer 15 years of age and over during calendar year 2000 from the sources listed below:

(1)  Wages and Salaries

Refers to gross wages and salaries before deductions for such items as income tax, pensions and Employment Insurance. Included in this source are military pay and allowances, tips, commissions and cash bonuses, benefits from wage-loss replacement plans or income-maintenance insurance plans, as well as all types of casual earnings during calendar year 2000. The value of taxable allowances and benefits provided by employers, such as free lodging and free automobile use, is excluded.

(2)  Net Farm Income

Refers to net income (gross receipts from farm sales minus depreciation and cost of operation) received during calendar year 2000 from the operation of a farm, either on the respondent’s own account or in partnership. In the case of partnerships, only the respondent’s share of income was reported. Included with gross receipts are cash advances received in 2000, dividends from cooperatives, rebates and farm‑support payments to farmers from federal, provincial and regional agricultural programs (e.g. milk subsidies and marketing board payments) and gross insurance proceeds such as payments from the Net Income Stabilization Account (NISA). The value of income “in kind”, such as agricultural products produced and consumed on the farm, is excluded.

(3)  Net Non-farm Income from Unincorporated Business and/or Professional Practice

Refers to net income (gross receipts minus expenses of operation such as wages, rents and depreciation) received during calendar year 2000 from the respondent’s non-farm unincorporated business or professional practice. In the case of partnerships, only the respondent’s share was reported. Also included is net income from persons babysitting in their own homes, persons providing room and board to non-relatives, self-employed fishers, hunters and trappers, operators of direct distributorships (such as those selling and delivering cosmetics), as well as from freelance activities of artists, writers, music teachers, hairdressers, dressmakers, etc.

(4)  Canada Child Tax Benefits

Refers to payments received under the Canada Child Tax Benefit program during calendar year 2000 by eligible parents with dependent children under 18 years of age. No information on these benefits was collected from respondents. Instead, these were calculated and assigned, where applicable, to one of the parents in the census family on the basis of information on children in the family and the family income. Included with the Canada Child Tax Benefit is the National Child Benefit Supplement (NCBS) for low‑income families with children. The NCBS is the federal contribution to the National Child Benefit (NCB), a joint initiative of federal, provincial and territorial governments. Also included under this program are child benefits and earned income supplements provided by certain provinces and territories.

(5)  Old Age Security Pension and Guaranteed Income Supplement

Refers to Old Age Security pensions and Guaranteed Income Supplements paid to persons 65 years of age and over, and to the Allowance or Allowances for the survivor paid to 60- to 64-year-old spouses of old age security recipients or widow(er)s by only the federal government during the calendar year 2000.

(6)  Benefits from Canada or Quebec Pension Plan

Refers to benefits received during calendar year 2000 from the Canada or Quebec Pension Plan (e.g. retirement pensions, survivors’ benefits and disability pensions). Does not include lump-sum death benefits.

(7)  Benefits from Employment Insurance

Refers to total Employment Insurance benefits received during calendar year 2000, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, work sharing, retraining and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal Employment Insurance Program.

(8)  Other Income from Government Sources

Refers to all transfer payments, excluding those covered as a separate income source (Canada Child Tax Benefits, Old Age Security pensions and Guaranteed Income Supplements, Canada or Quebec Pension Plan benefits and Employment Insurance benefits) received from federal, provincial or municipal programs during the calendar year 2000. This source includes social assistance payments received by persons in need, such as mothers with dependent children, persons temporarily or permanently unable to work, elderly individuals, the blind and persons with disabilities. Included are provincial income supplement payments to seniors and provincial payments to help offset accommodation costs. Also included are other transfer payments, such as payments received from training programs sponsored by the federal and provincial governments, regular payments from provincial automobile insurance plans, veterans’ pensions, war veterans’ allowance, pensions to widows and dependants of veterans, and workers’ compensation. Additionally, refundable provincial tax credits, the Alberta Energy Tax Refund and refunds of the Goods and Services Tax (GST), Harmonized Sales Tax (HST) or Quebec Sales Tax (QST) received in 2000 are included.

(9)  Dividends, Interest on Bonds, Deposits and Savings Certificates,
and Other Investment Income

Refers to interest received during calendar year 2000 from deposits in banks, trust companies, cooperatives, credit unions, caisses populaires, etc., as well as interest on savings certificates, bonds and debentures, and all dividends from both Canadian and foreign corporate stocks and mutual funds. Also included is other investment income from either Canadian or foreign sources, such as net rents from real estate, mortgage and loan interest received, regular income from an estate or trust fund, and interest from insurance policies.

(10)  Retirement Pensions, Superannuation and Annuities, Including Those from RRSPs
and RRIFs

Refers to all regular income received by the respondent during calendar year 2000 as the result of having been a member of a pension plan of one or more employers. It includes payments received from all annuities, including payments from a matured Registered Retirement Savings Plan (RRSP) in the form of a life annuity, a fixed‑term annuity, a Registered Retirement Income Fund (RRIF) or an income-averaging annuity contract; pensions paid to widow(er)s or other relatives of deceased pensioners; pensions of retired civil servants, Armed Forces personnel and Royal Canadian Mounted Police (RCMP) officers; annuity payments received from the Canadian Government Annuities Fund, an insurance company, etc. Does not include lump-sum death benefits, lump-sum benefits or withdrawals from a pension plan or RRSP, or refunds of overcontributions.

(11)  Other Money Income

Refers to regular cash income received during calendar year 2000 and not reported in any of the other nine sources listed on the questionnaire. For example, alimony, child support, periodic support from other persons not in the household, income from abroad (excluding dividends and interest), non‑refundable scholarships and bursaries, severance pay and royalties are included.

Receipts Not Counted as Income

Gambling gains and losses, lottery prizes, money inherited during the year in a lump sum, capital gains or losses, receipts from the sale of property, income tax refunds, loan payments received, lump-sum settlements of insurance policies, rebates received on property taxes, refunds of pension contributions were excluded, as well as all income “in kind”, such as free meals, living accommodations, or agricultural products produced and consumed on the farm.

Remarks

No income information was collected from institutional residents in the 2001 Census. Individuals immigrating to Canada in 2001 have zero income. Also, because of response problems, all individuals in Hutterite colonies were assigned zero income. Furthermore, data on households, economic families, unattached individuals, census families and non-family persons relate to private households only.

Reported for: Spouses or common-law partners of primary household maintainers 15 years of age and over in private households

This is a signed numeric field, and it shows the actual amount received in 2000, except for certain cases where the reported amount was beyond specified limits. For further information on income data, see Chapter IV.

The value 0 stands for No income.

The value 1 is assigned to cases where the sum of negative and positive amounts in income sources equalled zero.

The value 9999999 stands for Not applicable, and it is applied to households with no spouse or common-law partner of the primary household maintainer.

MSINCH – Field 134

MAJOR SOURCE OF HOUSEHOLD INCOME

Refers to that component which constitutes the largest proportion of a household’s total income. Various combinations of income sources can be used to derive this classification. For example, at the most detailed level, the income sources are combined into five components: wages and salaries, self‑employment income (farm and non-farm), government transfer payments, investment income, and other income. The absolute values for these components are compared, and the largest one is designated as the major source of income.

Reported for: Population 15 years of age and over in private households

Code	Description	Counts	Includes	
1	No income	507		
2	Wages and salaries	198,949		
3	Self-employment income	14,015		
4	Government transfer payments	70,304		
5	Investment income	7,451		
6	Other income	21,287		

HMMSINC – Field 135

MAJOR SOURCE OF INCOME OF THE PRIMARY HOUSEHOLD MAINTAINER

Refers to that component which constitutes the largest proportion of an income recipient’s total income. Various combinations of income sources can be used to derive this classification. For example, at the most detailed level, the income sources are combined into five components: wages and salaries, self‑employment income (farm and non-farm), government transfer payments, investment income, and other income. The absolute values for these components are compared, and the largest one is designated as the major source of income.

Reported for: Primary household maintainers 15 years of age and over in private households

Code	Description	Counts	Includes	
1	No income	1,260		
2	Wages and salaries	183,573		
3	Self-employment income	17,032		
4	Government transfer payments	77,237		
5	Investment income	8,357		
6	Other income	25,054		

SHMMSINC – Field 136

MAJOR SOURCE OF INCOME OF THE SPOUSE OR COMMON-LAW PARTNER
OF THE PRIMARY HOUSEHOLD MAINTAINER

Refers to that component which constitutes the largest proportion of an income recipient’s total income. Various combinations of income sources can be used to derive this classification. For example, at the most detailed level, the income sources are combined into five components: wages and salaries, self‑employment income (farm and non-farm), government transfer payments, investment income, and other income. The absolute values for these components are compared, and the largest one is designated as the major source of income.

Reported for: Spouses or common-law partners of primary household maintainers 15 years of age and over in private households

Code	Description	Counts	Includes	
9	Not applicable	126,377	Households with no spouse or common-law partner of the primary household maintainer	
1	No income	8,988		
2	Wages and salaries	105,614		
3	Self-employment income	9,115		
4	Government transfer payments	46,078		
5	Investment income	7,988		
6	Other income	8,353		

EMPINCH – Field 137

TOTAL EMPLOYMENT INCOME OF THE HOUSEHOLD

Refers to total income received by persons 15 years of age and over during calendar year 2000 as wages and salaries, net income from a non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice, and/or net farm self-employment income.

Reported for: Population 15 years of age and over in private households

This is a signed numeric field, and it shows the actual amount received in 2000, except for certain cases where the reported amount was beyond specified limits. For further information on income data, see Chapter IV.

The value 0 stands for No self-employment income.

The value 9999999 stands for Not applicable, and it is applied to persons less than 15 years of age.

HMEMPIN – Field 138

TOTAL EMPLOYMENT INCOME OF THE PRIMARY HOUSEHOLD MAINTAINER

Refers to total income received by persons 15 years of age and over during calendar year 2000 as wages and salaries, net income from a non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice, and/or net farm self-employment income.

Reported for: Primary household maintainers 15 years of age and over in private households

This is a signed numeric field, and it shows the actual amount received in 2000, except for certain cases where the reported amount was beyond specified limits. For further information on income data, see Chapter IV.

The value 0 stands for No employment income.

The value 9999999 stands for Not applicable, and it is applied to persons less than 15 years of age.

SHMEMPIN – Field 139

TOTAL EMPLOYMENT INCOME OF THE SPOUSE OR COMMON-LAW PARTNER
OF THE PRIMARY HOUSEHOLD MAINTAINER

Refers to total income received by persons 15 years of age and over during calendar year 2000 as wages and salaries, net income from a non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice, and/or net farm self-employment income.

Reported for: Spouses or common-law partners of primary household maintainers 15 years of age and over in private households

This is a signed numeric field, and it shows the actual amount received in 2000, except for certain cases where the reported amount was beyond specified limits. For further information on income data, see Chapter IV.

The value 0 stands for No employment income.

The value 9999999 stands for Not applicable, and it is applied to households with no spouse or common-law partner of the primary household maintainer.

INVSTH – Field 140

TOTAL INVESTMENT INCOME OF THE HOUSEHOLD

Refers to interest received during calendar year 2000 from deposits in banks, trust companies, cooperatives, credit unions, caisses populaires, etc., as well as interest on savings certificates, bonds and debentures, and all dividends from both Canadian and foreign corporate stocks and mutual funds. Also included is other investment income from either Canadian or foreign sources, such as net rents from real estate, mortgage and loan interest received, regular income from an estate or trust fund, and interest from insurance policies.

Reported for: Population 15 years of age and over in private households

This is a signed numeric field, and it shows the actual amount received in 2000, except for certain cases where the reported amount was beyond specified limits. For further information on income data, see Chapter IV.

The value 0 stands for No investment income.

The value 9999999 stands for Not applicable, and it is applied to persons less than 15 years of age.

HMINV – Field 141

TOTAL INVESTMENT INCOME OF THE PRIMARY HOUSEHOLD MAINTAINER

Refers to interest received during calendar year 2000 from deposits in banks, trust companies, cooperatives, credit unions, caisses populaires, etc., as well as interest on savings certificates, bonds and debentures and all dividends from both Canadian and foreign corporate stocks and mutual funds. Also included is other investment income from either Canadian or foreign sources, such as net rents from real estate, mortgage and loan interest received, regular income from an estate or trust fund, and interest from insurance policies.

Reported for: Primary household maintainers 15 years of age and over in private households

This is a signed numeric field, and it shows the actual amount received in 2000, except for certain cases where the reported amount was beyond specified limits. For further information in income data, see Chapter IV.

The value 0 stands for No investment income.

The value 9999999 stands for Not applicable, and it is applied to persons less than 15 years of age.

SHMINV – Field 142

TOTAL INVESTMENT INCOME OF THE SPOUSE OR COMMON-LAW PARTNER
OF THE PRIMARY HOUSEHOLD MAINTAINER

Refers to interest received during calendar year 2000 from deposits in banks, trust companies, cooperatives, credit unions, caisses populaires, etc., as well as interest on savings certificates, bonds and debentures, and all dividends from both Canadian and foreign corporate stocks and mutual funds. Also included is other investment income from either Canadian or foreign sources, such as net rents from real estate, mortgage and loan interest received, regular income from an estate or trust fund, and interest from insurance policies.

Reported for: Spouses or common-law partners of primary household maintainers 15 years of age and over in private households

This is a signed numeric field, and it shows the actual amount received in 2000, except for certain cases where the reported amount was beyond specified limits. For further information on income data, see Chapter IV.

The value 0 stands for No investment income.

The value 9999999 stands for Not applicable, and it is applied to households with no spouse or common-law partner of the primary household maintainer.

GOVINCH – Field 143

TOTAL GOVERNMENT TRANSFER PAYMENTS OF THE HOUSEHOLD

Refers to total income from all transfer payments received from federal, provincial or municipal governments during calendar year 2000 by persons 15 years and over. This variable is the sum of the amounts reported in:

–  the Old Age Security pension and Guaranteed Income Supplement;
–  benefits from Canada or Quebec Pension Plan;
–  benefits from Employment Insurance;
–  Canada Child Tax benefits;
–  other income from government sources.

Reported for: Population 15 years of age and over in private households

This variable is always positive and shows the actual amount received in 2000. For further information on income data, see Chapter IV.

The value 0 stands for No government transfer payments.

The value 9999999 stands for Not applicable, and it is applied to persons less than 15 years of age.

HMGOVIN – Field 144

TOTAL GOVERNMENT TRANSFER PAYMENTS OF THE PRIMARY HOUSEHOLD MAINTAINER

Refers to total income from all transfer payments received from federal, provincial or municipal governments during calendar year 2000. This variable is the sum of the amounts reported in:

–  the Old Age Security pension and Guaranteed Income Supplement;
–  benefits from Canada or Quebec Pension Plan;
–  benefits from Employment Insurance;
–  Canada Child Tax benefits;
–  other income from government sources.

Reported for: Primary household maintainers 15 years of age and over in private households

This variable is always positive and shows the actual amount received in 2000. For further information on income data, see Chapter IV.

The value 0 stands for No government transfer payments.

The value 9999999 stands for Not applicable, and it is applied to persons less than 15 years of age.

SHMGOVIN – Field 145

TOTAL GOVERNMENT TRANSFER PAYMENTS OF THE SPOUSE OR COMMON-LAW PARTNER OF THE PRIMARY HOUSEHOLD MAINTAINER

Refers to total income from all transfer payments received from federal, provincial or municipal governments during calendar year 2000. This variable is the sum of the amounts reported in:

–  the Old Age Security pension and Guaranteed Income Supplement;
–  benefits from Canada or Quebec Pension Plan;
–  benefits from Employment Insurance;
–  Canada Child Tax benefits;
–  other income from government sources.

Reported for: Spouses or common-law partners of primary household maintainers 15 years of age and over in private households

This variable is always positive and shows the actual amount received in 2000. For further information on income data, see Chapter IV.

The value 0 stands for No government transfer payments.

The value 9999999 stands for Not applicable, and it is applied to households with no spouse or common-law partner of the primary household maintainer.

OTINCH – Field 146

ALL OTHER HOUSEHOLD INCOME

Refers to all regular income received by the respondent during calendar year 2000 as the result of having been a member of a pension plan of one or more employers. It includes payments received from all annuities, including payments from a matured Registered Retirement Savings Plan (RRSP) in the form of a life annuity, a fixed‑term annuity, a Registered Retirement Income Fund (RRIF) or an income-averaging annuity contract; pensions paid to widow(er)s or other relatives of deceased pensioners; pensions of retired civil servants, Armed Forces personnel and Royal Canadian Mounted Police (RCMP) officers; annuity payments received from the Canadian Government Annuities Fund, an insurance company, etc. Does not include lump-sum death benefits, lump-sum benefits or withdrawals from a pension plan or RRSP, or refunds of overcontributions.

Also includes regular cash income received during calendar year 2000 and not reported in any of the other nine sources listed on the questionnaire. For example, alimony, child support, periodic support from other persons not in the household, income from abroad (excluding dividends and interest), non‑refundable scholarships and bursaries, severance pay and royalties are included.

Reported for: Population 15 years of age and over in private households

This variable is always positive and shows the actual amount received in 2000. For further information on income data, see Chapter IV.

The value 0 stands for No other household income.

The value 9999999 stands for Not applicable, and it is applied to persons less than 15 years of age.

HMOTINC – Field 147

ALL OTHER INCOME OF THE PRIMARY HOUSEHOLD MAINTAINER

Refers to all regular income received by the respondent during calendar year 2000 as the result of having been a member of a pension plan of one or more employers. It includes payments received from all annuities, including payments from a matured Registered Retirement Savings Plan (RRSP) in the form of a life annuity, a fixed-term annuity, a Registered Retirement Income Fund (RRIF) or an income-averaging annuity contract; pensions paid to widow(er)s or other relatives of deceased pensioners; pensions of retired civil servants, Armed Forces personnel and Royal Canadian Mounted Police (RCMP) officers; annuity payments received from the Canadian Government Annuities Fund, an insurance company, etc. Does not include lump-sum death benefits, lump-sum benefits or withdrawals from a pension plan or RRSP, or refunds of overcontributions.

Also includes regular cash income received during calendar year 2000 and not reported in any of the other nine sources listed on the questionnaire. For example, alimony, child support, periodic support from other persons not in the household, income from abroad (excluding dividends and interest), non‑refundable scholarships and bursaries, severance pay and royalties are included.

Reported for: Primary household maintainers 15 years of age and over in private households

This variable is always positive and shows the actual amount received in 2000. For further information on income data, see Chapter IV.

The value 0 stands for No other income.

The value 9999999 stands for Not applicable, and it is applied to persons less than 15 years of age.

SHMOTINC – Field 148

ALL OTHER INCOME OF THE SPOUSE OR COMMON-LAW PARTNER OF THE
PRIMARY HOUSEHOLD MAINTAINER

Refers to all regular income received by the respondent during calendar year 2000 as the result of having been a member of a pension plan of one or more employers. It includes payments received from all annuities, including payments from a matured Registered Retirement Savings Plan (RRSP) in the form of a life annuity, a fixed-term annuity, a Registered Retirement Income Fund (RRIF) or an income-averaging annuity contract; pensions paid to widow(er)s or other relatives of deceased pensioners; pensions of retired civil servants, Armed Forces personnel and Royal Canadian Mounted Police (RCMP) officers; annuity payments received from the Canadian Government Annuities Fund, an insurance company, etc. Does not include lump-sum death benefits, lump-sum benefits or withdrawals from a pension plan or RRSP, or refunds of overcontributions.

Also includes regular cash income received during calendar year 2000 and not reported in any of the other nine sources listed on the questionnaire. For example, alimony, child support, periodic support from other persons not in the household, income from abroad (excluding dividends and interest), non‑refundable scholarships and bursaries, severance pay and royalties are included.

Reported for: Spouses or common-law partners of primary household maintainers 15 years of age and over in private households

This variable is always positive and shows the actual amount received in 2000. For further information on income data, see Chapter IV.

The value 0 stands for No other income.

The value 9999999 stands for Not applicable, and it is applied to households with no spouse or common-law partner of the primary household maintainer.

WEIGHTH – Field 149

HOUSEHOLD WEIGHTING FACTOR

This variable corresponds to the number of households represented by the record. It is the weighting factor that must be used to obtain the required estimate.

HHSORT – Field 150

UNIQUE RECORD IDENTIFIER

This variable is not part of the standard record layout. Built/included in the file for administrative purposes only.

Chapter III.  Sampling Method and Data Quality

This chapter provides notes on the sampling method and the quality of the data related to the file. It includes the following sections:

A.  Sampling Method
B.  Estimation
C.  Data Reliability

In Section A, the target population is defined, and the way in which the sample was selected is explained. Section B covers the concept of weighting and briefly describes the usual estimators.

A.  Sampling Method

1.  Target Population

The target population in the file includes all private households consisting of Canadian citizens, landed immigrants and non-permanent residents living in a private dwelling on Census Day.  Non-permanent residents are persons who hold a student or employment authorization or a Minister’s permit or who are refugee claimants.

The file excludes households living outside Canada, households living in collective dwellings, households consisting of temporary and/or foreign residents and households living on incompletely enumerated or total refusal Indian reserves or Indian settlements.

2.  Sampling Plan

The household microdata sample is selected using a two-phase sampling plan.  The one-fifth sample (data from the long census questionnaire) collected during the 2001 Census constitutes the first phase of sampling.  The second phase of sampling consists in selecting the sample of households from the first‑phase sample.  The end result is a self-weighting sample, representing 2.7% of the target universe.

(a)  First Phase of Sampling

In the 2001 Census, four out of five households were enumerated using a short questionnaire consisting of seven questions of a demographic and linguistic nature.  The remaining households received a long questionnaire that, in addition to the seven questions found on the short questionnaire, contained 59 other questions covering a wide range of topics.

The first phase of sampling for the microdata file on households is the sampling of the households having completed the long census questionnaire.  The sample in this first phase is divided into two strata: one stratum (the canvasser area stratum) includes all households which were enumerated by interviewers and had to complete a long questionnaire; the other stratum includes the sampled households (one household in five) selected systematically to complete the long questionnaire.  Each household is given a weighting factor by the census. This weighting factor ranges between 1 and 25, and is not necessarily a whole number. Each household may thus represent a number of Canadian households. Only records that belong to the target population are in the first-phase sample; all other records are removed.

(b)  Second Phase of Sampling

The second phase of sampling is the sample selection of households.  This sample is selected in proportion to the first-phase weighting factors.

Since the objective is to have a self-weighted sample making up 2.7% of the target universe, households are selected systematically, in proportion to their respective household weighting factor, with a sampling interval of 37.

Before the sample selection is performed, the records are divided into subsets or geographic strata to ensure that the sample is fully representative. The records are subdivided into the following 49 geographic areas:

Geographic Areas

1.	Province of Newfoundland and Labrador: CMA*/CA**
2. 	Province of Newfoundland and Labrador: other urban area
3.	Province of Newfoundland and Labrador: other rural area

4.	Province of Prince Edward Island

5.	Halifax CMA
6.	Province of Nova Scotia: other CMA/CA
7.	Province of Nova Scotia: other urban area
8.	Province of Nova Scotia: other rural area

9.	Province of New Brunswick: CMA/CA
10.	Province of New Brunswick: other urban area
11.	Province of New Brunswick: other rural area

12.	Québec CMA
13.	Montréal CMA
14.	Sherbrooke CMA and Trois-Rivières CMA
15.	Ottawa–Hull CMA (Quebec part): Hull area
16.	Province of Quebec: other CMA
17.	Province of Quebec: other urban area
18.	Province of Quebec: other rural area

19.	Oshawa CMA
20.	Toronto CMA
21.	Hamilton CMA
22.	St. Catharines–Niagara CMA
23.	Kitchener CMA
24.	London CMA
25.	Ottawa–Hull CMA (Ontario part): Ottawa area
26.	Windsor CMA
27.	Sudbury CMA and Thunder Bay CMA
28.	Province of Ontario: other CMA
29.	Province of Ontario: other urban area
30.	Province of Ontario: other rural area

31.	Winnipeg CMA
32.	Province of Manitoba: other CMA
33.	Province of Manitoba: other urban area
34.	Province of Manitoba: other rural area

35.	Regina CMA and Saskatoon CMA
36.	Province of Saskatchewan: other CMA
37.	Province of Saskatchewan: other urban area
38.	Province of Saskatchewan: other rural area

39.	Calgary CMA
40.	Edmonton CMA
41.	Province of Alberta: other CMA
42.	Province of Alberta: other urban area
43.	Province of Alberta: other rural area

44.	Vancouver CMA
45.	Victoria CMA
46.	Province of British Columbia: other CMA
47.	Province of British Columbia: other urban area
48.	Province of British Columbia: other rural area

49.	Yukon Territory, Northwest Territories, Nunavut

*Census metropolitan area
**Census agglomeration

Once distributed within these geographic areas, the records are then divided into different strata (or subsets). The following variables are used to define the strata (by order of importance):

•	Type of area
	Urban
	Rural
•	Tenure
Home-owner
Tenant or persons living in a Band dwelling
•	Type of household
Household composed of one census family only
Household composed of more than one census family or one census family with non-family persons
Household composed of non-family persons
•	Household income
	< $25,000
> $25,000

The procedure used to define each stratum is as follows. First, the households are separated on the basis of the first stratification variable. Then, within the first two subsets formed, households are separated on the basis of the second stratification variable, and so on, through to the last stratification variable.

In brief, the records are separated at first by enumeration area type (canvasser area or sampled). They are then separated by geography and finally by variables.

It should be noted that, for some smaller subsets, a limited number of variables are used for the creation of strata.  Thus, for the following subsets made up of households enumerated in enumeration areas where there was no sampling (canvasser area stratum), only the “Tenure” and “Type of Household” variables are used in the following series of stratification.

Then, within each set, the sequence of households is randomly modified.

(c)  Sampling

The sample is selected systematically using a sampling interval equal to 37 and a random start between 1 and 37.  The probability of selection of a record is proportional to its selection weighting factor determined during the first phase of sampling.  To be more precise, the weighting factor of the first household in the database is added to the random start. Then the result is compared with the sampling interval. If it is greater than or equal to the sampling interval, the household is selected; if not, we go to the next household and add its weighting factor to the previous total. Again the result is compared with the sampling interval. When a household is selected, we subtract the sampling interval from the cumulative total before selecting another household.  The resulting sampling fraction is 2.7% which represents 312,513 records.

In the file, the variable that gives the weighting factor is named “WEIGHTH”.

B.  Estimation

This section introduces the concept of weighting and briefly summarizes the usual estimators.

1.  Weighting

The microdata file contains a record for each selected unit in the sample.  Each record contains a certain number of characteristics or variables described in Chapter II.  Thus, each of these units represents, on average, many other units that are not part of the sample.  To represent all these other units in the estimation process, the file contains a variable called “WEIGHTH” (weighting of households), which corresponds to the number of units (including the selected unit) represented by each record in the file. The sample selection method is carried out in such a way that this variable would be constant for all the records.  The sample is referred to as a “self-weighting” sample.

The WEIGHTH variable has the same value for all records in the file (37).

The weighting factor therefore indicates the number of times a record must be repeated to obtain population estimates.  For example, to estimate the number of one-person households in Canada in the targeted universe, one must first obtain the number of records belonging to this category in the file and then multiply the resultant number by the weighting factor (37).

Note: Users must refrain from publishing unweighted tables and from conducting analyses based on unweighted data from the microdata file. Since the sample is self-weighted, the use of weights will have no effect on the value of an average or a ratio. However, the same is not true for the estimate of a total.

2.  Usual Estimators

The microdata file contains two types of variables: numerical variables such as income and nominal variables such as mother tongue.  The estimators often used for the two types of variables are: 

(a)  Nominal or Qualitative Variables

(i)  Total

At the sample level, a total for one area is obtained by counting the “units” that have the characteristic(s) sought in the region.

The total at the population level is obtained by adding the weighting factor of all the units having the characteristics sought in the area. Or multiply the number of units that have the desired characteristic(s) in the area by the weighting factor (37).

Example 1:

We are interested in estimating the total number of households in Quebec in which the primary household maintainer is female and where the highest level of schooling completed by this person is at least a bachelor’s degree.  We must first find the number of records in the file as follows:

HMSEX = 2 and HMHLOS = 8 and PROVH = 24.
We therefore obtain a total of 4,857 records that meet all of these conditions.

To obtain an estimate of the total number of households in Quebec in which the primary household maintainer is female and where the highest level of schooling completed by this person is at least a bachelor’s degree, we must multiply this number by 37.  Therefore, the result is 4,857  37 = 179,709. 

(ii)  Proportion

We can define a proportion as the ratio of two totals.  The estimate of a proportion is obtained by first calculating the total number of “units” in the sample that have the characteristic(s) sought and then dividing it by the total number of sample units on which we want to base the estimate. Note that the denominator may represent all the households in a geographic area or a subset of households within a geographic area.

In estimating proportions or averages, you do not need to use the weighting factor since when you multiply both the numerator and the denominator by the same weighting factor (37), the latter is cancelled out.

Example 2:

We want to estimate the following proportion: out of all the households in the Vancouver CMA, the proportion of those in which one of the household members is the owner of the dwelling.  In this case, the total in the numerator is the number of records in the sample where tenure is shown as “owner” in the Vancouver CMA, that is, we are counting the records for which CMAH = 933 and TENURH = 1.  We then divide this number by the total in the denominator, which is the number of households in the Vancouver CMA, that is, the number of records such that CMAH = 933.  We thus obtain the following proportion: 12,504 / 20,506 = 0.6098, or almost 61% of the households in the CMA of Vancouver are home owners.  Thus, in this example, the total in the denominator is based on the total number of households in a geographic area.

Example 3:

We want to estimate the following proportion: out of all the single economic family households only in the Montréal CMA, the proportion of those who are constituted of male lone parents.  In this case, the total in the numerator is the number of single economic family households only who are constituted of one male lone parent in the Montréal CMA, that is, the number of records for which CMAH = 462, HHCOMP = 3 and EFCOMP = 5.  This total must then be divided by the denominator, which consists of the number of single economic family households only in the Montréal CMA, that is, the number of records for which CMAH = 462 and HHCOMP = 3.  The result is 674 / 24,763 = 0.0272, meaning that close to 3% of the single economic family households only in the Montréal CMA are composed of a male lone parent.  Thus, in this example, the total in the denominator is based on a subset of records in a geographic area.

(iii)  Ratio

The estimate of a ratio may be the ratio of two totals or two proportions. To estimate the ratio of two totals, simply obtain the totals to appear respectively in the numerator and the denominator and divide one by the other.  To estimate the ratio of two proportions, simply obtain the proportions to be used respectively in the numerator and the denominator and divide one by the other.

(b) Numerical or Quantitative Variables

(i)  Total

At the population level, a total for one area or for a subset of households within a geographic area is obtained by first identifying the records targeted by the region or by the subset.  We then total the values of the variable for these units and we multiply this total by the weighting factor (37).

(ii)  Average

To estimate the average of a variable in a given geographic area, the given values of the variable for the sample records that belong to the area are totalled and the result of this sum is divided by the number of sample units in the area.  It is possible that we will want to estimate the average of a variable for a subset of households in a given area.  In this case, it is necessary to sum the given values of the variable for the records in the sample that belong to the subset in question and divide this result by the number of units in the sample that are in the same subset.

Example 4:

We want to estimate the total average income of multiple-family households in Canada.  At the numerator level, the values for the variable “Total Household Income (TOTINCH)” for multiple-family households in Canada are totalled and the result is divided by the number of multiple-family households in Canada, that is, the number of records in the file for which HHCOMP = 5.  The result obtained is:

$30,442,941 / 341 = $89,275.

As noted earlier, in estimating proportions or averages, you do not need to use the weighting factor since when you multiply both the numerator and the denominator by the same weighting factor (37), the latter is cancelled out.

(iii)  Ratio

The estimate of a ratio may be defined as the ratio of two totals or two averages. To estimate the ratio of two totals, simply obtain the totals to appear respectively in the numerator and the denominator and divide one by the other. To estimate the ratio of two averages, simply obtain the averages to be used respectively in the numerator and the denominator and divide one by the other.

C.  Data Reliability

As the microdata file covers a sample of “units” in the census sample, there is not necessarily complete agreement between the estimates established from the file and the results based on the population as a whole.  The observed difference is attributable to two types of intrinsic errors: sampling errors and non‑sampling errors.

1.  Sampling Error

The sampling error is an error attributable to the fact that the study covers only a fraction of the population.  Different samples would have given us different estimators.  In general, these differences are represented by the sampling variance.  The procedure to be used to obtain an estimate of the sampling variability is explained in the following section.

2.  Estimation of the Sampling Variability

The “coefficient of variation” is a measure frequently used to determine the degree of sampling variability. This is simply the relationship of the standard error of an estimate to the value of that estimate or, in other words, the standard error expressed as a percentage of the targeted estimate.
Three factors must be considered when estimating the coefficient of variation of a result:

•	the nature of the variables involved;
•	the number of records in the sample on which the estimation is based; 
•	the conversion factor associated with the result.

(a)  Nature of Variables Involved

Depending on whether an estimate is for a nominal variable or a numeric variable, the procedure for obtaining the coefficient of variation associated with the estimate is slightly different. The procedure for computing the coefficient of variation when estimating a total for a nominal variable or the average of the records for a numeric variable will be presented later in this report. The procedure for obtaining approximate coefficients of variation for other types of estimates using the same instructions will also be described.

(b)  Number of Records Targeted by the Estimate

In the case of an estimate for a nominal variable, the coefficient of variation of the estimate mainly depends on the number of records that have the desired characteristic(s). In the case of an estimate for a numeric variable, the coefficient of variation depends not only on the number of records on which the estimate is based, but also on the variation associated with the variable for this set of records. Note that the set of records on which the estimate is based may be made up of all the records in a given area or of a subset of records within an area.

(c)  Determination of the Conversion Factor

When a sampling plan for a target universe is developed, some variables require a certain amount of control. They are the stratification or sort variables.  For example, in the household selection, tenure was considered one of these variables.  However, it is not possible to exercise this type of control over all the file variables.  It is hoped that control of key variables in the sample selection will keep sampling error down in the uncontrolled variables.

The sampling plan must be taken into account in computing the sampling error. The Households and Housing File does not contain all the necessary information. Estimating the sampling error involves a series of steps based on the ratio of the coefficient of variation associated with the actual sampling plan, which is applied to the ratio associated with a simple random sampling plan. This ratio will be referred to as the “conversion factor” in the remainder of the report.

Appendix C lists the conversion factors associated with each variable. For each variable, conversion factors are provided for each geographic area available in the file. These factors are actually a weighted average of the conversion factors for the categories of each variable in a given geographic area. A value of XXX indicates that, for that area, the variable is degenerate, which means that it takes only one value. The factors can be very high when they are based on a very small number of records.

The conversion factor is a component essential for calculating the coefficient of variation of the plan associated with a result.  The method used to determine the conversion factor is the following:

•	If only one nominal or numeric variable is considered in the estimate of a result, the conversion factor associated with the variable corresponding to the geographic area on which the estimate of the result is based is used.

•	If the result applies to a set of geographic areas, then it is necessary to use the highest of the conversion factors for the geographic areas included in the set.  For example, if we estimate the number of households with unattached individuals only in the Atlantic provinces, we must then take the conversion factor for the variable HHCOMP which corresponds to the province of New Brunswick (1.2070), as it is the highest of the conversion factors for the Atlantic provinces for HHCOMP (Nfld.Lab. => 0.8580, N.S. => 0.8890 and P.E.I. => 0.5550).

If more than one variable is considered in determining the result, the highest factor among the ones observed for each of these variables must be used, always in the geographic area targeted by the result.

Example 5:

The file shows that, in Canada, the number of households with unattached individuals with a salary greater than zero but less than $20,000 is 515,521 (13,933 x 37).  To establish this result, the variables HHCOMP and EMPINCH were used.  The corresponding conversion factor for the HHCOMP variable for the “Canada” region is 1.1390.  In the case of the variable EMPINCH, the conversion factor for the “Canada” region is 0.7840.  The highest conversion factor between the two is 1.1390.  We must then use the conversion factor 1.1390 to calculate the coefficient of variation as it is the highest factor among all the factors associated with the variables implicated in the estimation.

3.  Calculation of the Quality of an Estimate

As previously mentioned, the coefficient of variation is often used as a measure of the quality of an estimate. The method of computing the coefficient of variation depends on the type of estimate involved. The instructions below will yield an interval within which the estimate’s coefficient of variation is located. If a specific value is required instead of an interval, linear interpolation must be used; that method is described in point (d) below.

Three methods can be used. Two are presented below. The third, more visual and faster, is described in the document entitled Quality: User Guide. It involves using a number of buttons and drop-down lists. Two versions are available, one for MACs (QualityMac.xls), which may possibly be used in less recent versions of Excel, and one for PCs (Quality.xls). Both versions reduce the number of calculations required and make it unnecessary to look for conversion factors in Appendix C.

(a)  To Estimate a Total for a Nominal or Qualitative Variable

•	First, find the number of records with the characteristics required by the estimate, that is, “NOBS”.

•	Then find the conversion factor to be used for this estimate by following the instructions given previously (see Section C. 2. [c]). This conversion factor will be referred to as “CF”.

•	Follow the instructions below for either Table 1 or the spreadsheet qualENG.xls (both are located at the end of this chapter).

If you are using Table 1:

•	Perform the following division: E = NOBS / (CF)2.

•	Go to the “Nominal” row in Table 1 and find the highest value V in the row, which is less than or equal to E. 

If you are using the spreadsheet:

•	Enter the value of the conversion factor in the specified location at the top of the spreadsheet. The figures in the spreadsheet will automatically adjust for the conversion factor.

•	Go to the “Nominal” row in the spreadsheet and find the highest value V in the row, which is less than or equal to NOBS. 

•	Find the alphabetic code in the column corresponding to V and check its meaning in the text below the table.

Example 1 (continued):

Refer to Example 1 found in the previous section.  We wanted to estimate the total number of households in Quebec in which the primary household maintainer is female and where the highest level of schooling completed by that person is at least a bachelor’s degree.  There are 4,857 records in the file that meet the condition PROVH = 24, HMSEX = 2 and HMHLOS = 8.

We now have the following conversion factors for the province of Quebec: for the variable HMSEX, the conversion factor is 0.6950 and for the variable HMHLOS, it is 1.037.  We must then use 1.037 as the conversion factor, as it is the highest.

If we use Table 1:

–  Let us find now the value of E:  E = 4,857 / (1.037)2 = 4,517.

–  If we look at the “Nominal” row in Table 1, we see that the highest value V less than or equal to 4,517 is 1,557. This value is located in Column B, and it corresponds to a coefficient of variation interval between 1.0% and 2.5%.

If we use the calculation sheet:

–  Enter the value of the conversion factor, 1.037, at the designated place at the top of the calculation sheet.  At that moment, the figures in the calculation sheet will be adjusted to the requested conversion factor.

–  If we look at the “Nominal” row in the spreadsheet, we see that the highest value V less than or equal to 4,857 (NOBS) is 1,674. This value is located in Column B, and it corresponds to a coefficient of variation interval between 1.0% and 2.5%.

Conclusion:  We estimate that there are 179,709 (4,857 x 37) households in Quebec in which the primary household maintainer is female and where the highest level of schooling completed by that person is at least a bachelor’s degree.  The coefficient of variation associated with this result is estimated at between 1.0% and 2.5%.

(b)  To Estimate a Proportion for a Nominal or Qualitative Variable

If the denominator is based on the total of records for a geographic area

When the denominator represents all the records in a geographic area, follow the instructions for estimating the total for a nominal variable (see Section C. 3. [a]) for the total of the proportion found in the numerator only. It is not necessary to calculate the coefficient of variation of the denominator, since this number is fixed in accordance with the sampling plan used.

If the denominator is based on a subgroup of records in a geographic area 

When the denominator represents a subset of records in a geographic area, follow the instructions for estimating the total for a nominal variable (see Section C. 3. [a]) for the totals of the proportion in the numerator and in the denominator separately. The coefficient of variation for estimating such a proportion will lie within the highest of the two intervals obtained.

Example 3 (continued):

For Example 3 in the previous section, proceed in the same way as for Example 1, treating the totals in the numerator and denominator separately.  We will start with the numerator.  In the numerator, there are 674 records that satisfy the condition

CMAH = 462, HHCOMP = 3 and EFCOMP = 5.

In this case, the conversion factor to be used is 0.9750, that is, the conversion factor for the Montréal CMA for the variable EFCOMP, since it is the highest of the quality factors for the variables HHCOMP (0.7640) and EFCOMP (0.9750) for that geographic area.  Note that, for the remainder of this example, Table 1 will be used.

Let us find the value of E:  E = 674 / (0.9750)2 = 709.

If we look at the “Nominal” row in Table 1, we see that the highest value V less than or equal to 709 is 389. This value is located in Column C, and it corresponds to a coefficient of variation interval between 2.5% and 5.0%.

We will now consider the denominator.  In the denominator, there are 24,763 records that satisfy the condition CMAH = 462 and HHCOMP = 3.  In this case, the conversion factor to be used is 0.7640, that is, the conversion factor for the Montréal CMA for the variable HHCOMP.

Let us find the value of E: E = 24,763 / (0.7640)2 = 42,424.

If we look at the “Nominal” row in Table 1, we see that the highest value V obtained which is less than or equal to 42,424, is 9,730. This value is located in Column A, and it corresponds to a coefficient of variation interval between 0.0% and 1.0%.

Thus, we can say that the coefficient of variation for this proportion lies between 2.5% and 5.0%, that is, the highest interval between the proportion found in the numerator and the one found in the denominator.  If a more precise estimate of the coefficient of variation is required, follow the instructions on linear interpolation and more complex estimators presented at the end of the chapter.

Conclusion:  We estimate that the proportion of single economic family households only in the Montréal CMA which are composed of a male lone parent is almost 3%.  The coefficient of variation associated with that result is estimated at between 2.5% and 5.0%.

(c)  To Estimate an Average for a Nominal or Quantitative Variable

To measure the quality of an estimate in this case, you will need to calculate the sampling coefficient of variation for the numeric variable in question for all records on which the estimate is based. This coefficient of variation, expressed as a percentage, may be calculated using different statistical software programs or spreadsheet programs (if the number of records on which the estimate is based does not exceed the maximum number of records that the spreadsheet program can read). In general, statistical software programs calculate this statistic directly. If you use a spreadsheet program, you will probably have to compute the standard deviation (SD) and the mean (MEAN) separately. You must not use the WEIGHTH variable to calculate the coefficient of variation, the mean and the standard deviation. Then you will have to compute the sampling coefficient of variation (CV) as follows:

CV = (SD / MEAN) x 100

Table 1, Quality of Estimates, which is located at the end of this chapter, lists different values for the sampling CV in the left column underneath the “Nominal” row. For example, the value 10 indicates that the sampling CV is equal to 10.0%. For continuous variables, do not use the “Nominal” row. Instead, use the row corresponding to the value closest to the sampling CV computed for the estimate.
•	First, find the number of records that have the characteristics required by the estimate, that is, NOBS.

•	Then calculate the sampling CV, using statistical software or a spreadsheet program. This value must be in the form of a percentage.

•	Find the conversion factor you need to use for this estimate by following the instructions provided above (see Section C. 3). This conversion factor will be referred to as “CF”.

Follow the instructions below whether you use Table 1 or the calculation sheet:

If you are using Table 1:

•	Perform the following division:  E = NOBS / (CF)2.

•	In Table 1, go to the row with the value closest to the sampling CV you computed and find the highest value V in the row, which is less than or equal to E.

If you are using the spreadsheet:

•	Enter the value of the conversion factor in the specified location at the top of the spreadsheet. The figures in the spreadsheet will automatically adjust for the conversion factor.

•	In the spreadsheet, go to the row with the value closest to the CV you computed and find the highest value V in the row, which is less than or equal to NOBS.

•	Find the alphabetic code in the column corresponding to V and check its meaning in the text below the table.

Example 4 (continued):

Refer to Example 4 in the previous section. The object is to compute the following estimation:

The total average income for multiple-family households in Canada.  In the file, there are 341 records for which

HHCOMP = 5.

This number is placed at the denominator.

The conversion factor to us in this case is 1.1390, which is the conversion factor for the variable HHCOMP for the region of "Canada".

If we consider all the records in the file, such as

HHCOMP = 5

and if we calculate the sampling coefficient of variation of the variable TOTINCH for this subgroup of records, the value CV = 59.0% is obtained.  Note that, for the remaining of this example, Table 1 will be used.

Let us find the value of E: E = 341 / (1.1390)2 = 263.

In Table 1, look at the row for “60%” (the closest value to CV = 59.0%). The largest value V obtained that is less than or equal to 341 is 132. This value is located in Column D, and it corresponds to a CV interval between 5.0% and 10.0%.

Conclusion:  The estimation of the coefficient of variation associated with that result is found between 5.0% and 10%.

(d)  To Approximation of the Coefficient of Variation by Linear Interpolation

If a specific value is required instead of an interval for the estimate’s coefficient of variation, an estimate can be obtained by using linear interpolation within the interval. This method is used in the following way:

L :	the row identified in Table 1 or on the spreadsheet for the estimate in question (“Nominal” row or row with the value closest to the CV, whichever is appropriate);

C* :	the percentage corresponding to the upper boundary of the interval obtained;

N* : 	the number in the cell corresponding to the interval obtained and row L;

C* : 	the percentage corresponding to the lower boundary of the interval obtained;

N* : 	the number in the cell to the left of the cell containing N*;

X   :  	if Table 1 was used, then take X = E; if the calculation sheet was used, use X = NOBS.

An approximation of the coefficient of variation (CVEST) is obtained by applying the following linear interpolation formula:
CVEST = C* + [((C* - C*) / (N* - N*)) x (N* - X)]

If the interval obtained is in Column A, take the value CVEST = 1%.  To return to Example 3 in the preceding section, we obtained the interval 2.5 to 5.0% for the numerator.  In this case, we have

	L  =  “Nominal”;		C* = 5.0%;	C* = 2.5%;
	N* = 1,557;		N* = 389;	X = E = 709.

We therefore obtain

CVEST = 2.5% + [((5.0% - 2.5%) / (1,557 - 389)) x (1,557 - 709)] = 4.31%.

(e)  For All Other Types of Estimates in the Case of a Nominal or Numeric Variable

Most of the more complex estimates, such as the estimate of the parameters of a linear model, may be written as a function of totals, proportions or averages. To measure the quality of this type of estimate, follow the instructions provided earlier for each component separately. Then compute the estimate for each CV by linear interpolation. An approximation of the CV of the estimate is obtained by computing the square root of the sum of the squares of these estimates of CVs obtained by linear interpolation.

If we continue with the example given for linear interpolation, we obtain an approximation of the CV of the proportion by means of the following equation:

[(0.0431)2 + (0.01)2] ½ = 4.4%

Table 1.  Quality of Estimates

	Alphabetic codes for the quality of estimates	
	(See below the table for the meaning of these codes.)	
CV (%)	A	B	C	D	E	F	G	
Nominal	9,730	1,557	 389	 97	 36	 16	 9	
10	9,827	1,572	 393	 98	 36	 16	 9	
20	10,119	1,619	 405	 101	 37	 16	 9	
30	10,605	1,697	 424	 106	 39	 17	 10	
40	11,286	1,806	 451	 113	 41	 18	 10	
50	12,162	1,946	 486	 122	 45	 19	 11	
60	13,232	2,117	 529	 132	 49	 21	 12	
70	14,497	2,320	 580	 145	 53	 23	 13	
80	15,957	2,553	 638	 160	 59	 26	 14	
90	17,611	2,818	 704	 176	 65	 28	 16	
100	19,459	3,114	 778	 195	 71	 31	 18	
110	21,503	3,440	 860	 215	 79	 34	 19	
120	23,741	3,798	 950	 237	 87	 38	 21	
130	26,173	4,188	1,047	 262	 96	 42	 24	
140	28,800	4,608	1,152	 288	 106	 46	 26	
150	31,622	5,059	1,265	 316	 116	 51	 29	
175	39,527	6,324	1,581	 395	 145	 63	 36	
200	48,649	7,784	1,946	 486	 179	 78	 44	
225	58,986	9,438	2,359	 590	 217	 94	 53	
250	70,541	11,286	2,822	 705	 259	 113	 64	
275	83,311	13,330	3,332	 833	 306	 133	 75	
300	97,297	15,568	3,892	 973	 357	 156	 88	
325	112,500	18,000	4,500	1,125	 413	 180	 101	
350	128,919	20,627	5,157	1,289	 474	 206	 116	
375	146,554	23,449	5,862	1,466	 538	 234	 132	
400	165,405	26,465	6,616	1,654	 608	 265	 149	
450	206,757	33,081	8,270	2,068	 759	 331	 186	
500	252,973	40,476	10,119	2,530	 929	 405	 228	
550	304,054	48,649	12,162	3,041	1,117	 486	 274	
600	-	57,600	14,400	3,600	1,322	 576	 325	
650	-	67,330	16,832	4,208	1,546	 673	 379	
700	-	77,838	19,459	4,865	1,787	 778	 439	
750	-	89,124	22,281	5,570	2,046	 891	 502	
800	-	101,189	25,297	6,324	2,323	1,012	 570	
850	-	114,032	28,508	7,127	2,618	1,140	 643	
900	-	127,654	31,914	7,978	2,931	1,277	 719	
950	-	142,054	35,514	8,878	3,261	1,421	 801	
1,000	-	157,232	39,308	9,827	3,610	1,572	 886	

Guidelines for Releasing Estimates

Category	Alphabetic Code	Coefficient of Variation (%)	Recommendation

Unrestricted
	A
B
C
D
E	0.0 – 1.0
1.0 – 2.5
2.5 – 5.0
5.0 – 10.0
10.0 – 16.5	Estimates may be included in a general release without restriction.  The letter A indicates that the estimate is very reliable. The letter B indicates that the estimate is reliable, but less so than one from category A, and so on.	
				
Restricted
	F
G

	16.5 – 25.0
25.0 – 33.3
	The estimates are sufficiently reliable for specific purposes, but must be used with caution.  When these estimates are used, it is preferable to point out that their sampling variability is higher.	
				
Not to be released		Over 33.3	If the value obtained is lower than the value shown in Column G, it is therefore preferable not to release these estimates.  We suggest that you delete them from your statistical tables.	

4.  Non-sampling Error

Sampling error is only one component of the total error in a survey.  Non-sampling error may also contribute to the total error.  This type of error is introduced, for example, when imputing data referring to cases of non-response or of obvious reporting errors (response error), when a person is overlooked or counted more than once (coverage error), or at the time of coding or data capture (processing error).  Furthermore, some measures, such as changing the codes of a few variables to “Not available” for certain records are necessary to comply with the confidentiality criteria.  Measurements of sampling variability studied in the preceding sections take into account only observed variability in census data.  Therefore, they do not reflect inaccuracies introduced into the census data and the sample by non-sampling error, and by measures taken to meet the confidentiality criteria.

Chapter IV.  Other Factors Affecting Data Reliability

A.  Adjustments to Geographic Areas

Users should be aware that the limits of census geographic areas are subject to change from one census to the next.  Therefore, when using data from two or more censuses, users must be aware of, and take into consideration, any changes to the geographic limits and/or the conceptual definition of the areas being compared.  Users wishing to obtain additional information in this regard should refer to the following electronic reference tool: GeoSuite, 2001 Census, Catalogue No. 92F0150XCB.

B.  Population Counts Based on Usual Place of Residence

The population counts shown here for a particular area represent the number of Canadians whose usual place of residence is in that area, regardless of where they happened to be on Census Day.  Also included are any Canadians staying in a dwelling in that area on Census Day and having no usual place of residence elsewhere in Canada, as well as those considered as “non-permanent residents” (see Section C below).  In most areas, there is little difference between the number of usual residents and the number of people staying in the area on Census Day.  For certain places, however, such as tourist or vacation areas, or areas including large work camps, the number of people staying in the area at any particular time could significantly exceed the number of usual residents shown here.

C.  Non-permanent Residents

In 1991, 1996 and 2001, the Census of Population enumerated both permanent and non‑permanent residents of Canada.  Non-permanent residents are persons from another country who had an employment authorization, a student authorization, or a Minister’s permit, or who were refugee claimants at the time of the census, and family members living with them.

Prior to 1991, only permanent residents of Canada were included in the census. (The only exception to this occurred in 1941.)  Non-permanent residents were considered foreign residents and were not enumerated.

Today in Canada, non-permanent residents make up a significant segment of the population, especially in several census metropolitan areas.  Their presence can affect the demand for such government services as health care, education, employment programs and language training.  The inclusion of non-permanent residents in the census facilitates comparisons with provincial and territorial statistics (marriages, divorces, births and deaths) which include this population.  In addition, this inclusion of non-permanent residents brings the Canadian practice closer to the United Nations (UN) recommendation that long-term residents (persons living in a country for one year or more) be enumerated in the census.

According to the 1996 Census, there were 166,715 non-permanent residents in Canada, representing 0.6% of the total population.  There were more non-permanent residents in Canada at the time of the 2001 Census:  198,640 non-permanent residents or 0.7% of the total population.

Total population counts, as well as counts for all variables, are affected by this change in the census universe.  Users should be especially careful when comparing data from 1991, 1996 or 2001 with data from previous censuses for geographic areas where there is an important concentration of non‑permanent residents, namely the major census metropolitan areas in Ontario, Quebec and British Columbia.

Although every attempt has been made to enumerate non-permanent residents, factors such as language barriers, the reluctance to complete a government form or the difficulty to understand the need to participate may have affected the enumeration of this population and resulted in undercounting.

D.  Comparability of Labour Force Activity Data With Those of Previous Censuses (1971-2001)
and With the Labour Force Survey

Historical Census Comparability

Census Labour Force Activity concepts have remained fairly consistent since 1971. However, some changes in the questions asked, in processing, as well as some minor conceptual changes, have been introduced throughout the past six censuses. These differences need to be taken into consideration whenever data from two or more census years are being compared. Derived variables which take into account as many of these differences as possible are available and they should be used in doing historical comparisons. For more information, refer to the definition Labour Market Activities: Historical Labour Force Activity (based on the 1971 Concepts) – (in Reference Week).

Population

For all census years, the labour force activity questions were asked of the population 15 years of age and over. Since 1981, institutional residents have not been asked the labour force questions and are therefore excluded from this population. In 1976 and 1971, even though the institutional residents were asked the labour force questions, they were included in the “Not in the labour force” category.

Employed

In 1971, the “Employed” group consisted of three categories: persons who worked in the reference week for pay or in self-employment, persons with a job but not at work during the reference week, and persons who worked in the reference week without pay in a family farm, business or professional practice. Data were obtained from three separate questions.

In 1971 also, female farm labourers who were unpaid family workers and who “helped without pay” for less than 20 hours a week were excluded from the “Employed” category and classified as “Not in the labour force”. As well, in 1971, persons who indicated that they were both “absent from job” and “looking for work” were considered unemployed.

In 1976, the “Employed” group was derived from similar questions as in 1971. However, female farm labourers who worked less than 20 hours of unpaid work a week were classified as employed. In addition, persons who were both “looking for work” and “absent from work” were included in the “Employed” group. Persons absent without pay on training courses or on educational leave were to mark “Yes, absent” if the job was being held for their return.

In 1981, only one question on hours worked in the reference week was asked. Persons were to report both hours worked for pay or in self-employment and hours worked without pay in a family farm, business or professional practice. A combined question on “temporary lay-off and absent from work” was asked for the first time in 1981. Persons that were absent from work because of training courses had to be paid to be considered as absent from work. No changes were made to the “Employed” category in either 1986, 1991, 1996 or 2001.

Unemployed

In 1971, the “Unemployed” category consisted of two groups: persons who looked for work in the reference week and persons who were on temporary lay-off during the reference week. According to the 1971 Census Guide, respondents were to mark “Yes” to the “Looking for work” question if they would have looked for work, but did not because they were temporarily ill or believed that no work was available in the community. The Guide also instructed respondents to include themselves on lay-off only if they had been in that situation for 30 days or less.

In 1976, two new questions were added to the questionnaire in order to determine unemployment status.  The first was a question on availability for work in the reference week. This question provided for “Yes” or “No” responses only. Instructions in the Guide requested persons still in school, those who already had a job, were temporarily ill or who had personal or family responsibilities, to consider themselves unavailable. Persons unavailable for work were classified as “Not in the labour force”. The “Availability” question was only asked of persons who looked for work in the reference week. The second new question asked respondents if they had a new job to start at a future date. In addition to these new questions, a new processing restriction was applied. Persons on lay-off or with a new job to start, who were in full-time attendance at elementary or secondary school at any time since September 1975, were considered unavailable for work. Therefore, in 1976, persons were considered unemployed if they were “on lay-off” or had a “new job to start in the future” and were not in full-time attendance at elementary or secondary school. Persons who looked for work in the reference week and were available to work were also included in the “Unemployed”.

In 1981, the reference period for the “Looking for work” question was increased to the past four weeks instead of the reference week. The “Availability” question was expanded to include more detailed response categories: already had a job; temporary illness or disability; personal or family responsibilities; going to school; or other reasons. Only persons who marked “going to school” or “other reasons” were considered unavailable for work. The “New job to start at a future date” question was reworded to specify that the job was to start within four weeks of the reference week. Persons on temporary lay-off were identified by a question which combined information on lay-off and absences from a job. The reference period for lay-off was extended to 26 weeks. As in 1976, persons on lay-off or with a new job to start were considered unavailable if they had been in full-time attendance at elementary or secondary school at any time since September 1980. Persons who looked for work and who responded “going to school” or “other reasons” were considered unavailable regardless of whether they were on lay-off or had a new job to start.

In 1986, the reference period for temporary lay-off was removed and the phrase “from a job to which the person expects to return” was added to the questionnaire. The 1986 questionnaire did not include a question on school attendance. It was therefore not possible to apply the school attendance criterion to persons on lay-off or with a new job to start.

In 1991, 1996 and 2001, the questions asked to determine unemployment status were the same as those asked in 1986. In addition, since 1991, a “School attendance” question was included on the questionnaire. Persons on temporary lay-off or with a new job to start who did not look for work were available for work, and therefore “Unemployed”, if they were not in full-time attendance at elementary or secondary school at any time since September of the year preceding the census. Persons on temporary lay-off or with a new job to start who looked for full-time work were available for work, and therefore “Unemployed”, if they did not respond “going to school” or “other reasons” to the “Availability” question, and if they were not in full-time attendance at elementary or secondary school at any time since September of the year preceding the census. Persons on temporary lay-off or with a new job to start who looked for part-time work were available for work, and therefore “Unemployed”, if they did not respond “going to school” or “other reasons” to the “Availability” question.

The processing of unemployment data in 1991, in 1996 and in 2001 was similar to that of 1981. There was, however, a change introduced for students in full-time attendance at elementary or secondary school at any time since the previous September. In 1991, 1996 and 2001, these persons were considered unavailable for work if they had looked for full-time work in the past four weeks.

Not in the Labour Force

The “Not in the labour force” category is a residual group. Persons who are not “Employed” or “Unemployed” fall into this category provided they are in the population for which labour force activity is relevant. The main differences for this group are the inclusion of institutional residents in 1976 and 1971 and the inclusion of persons not in the “Unemployed” category in each of the census years between 1976 and 2001, because they were considered unavailable for work. In 1971, female farm labourers who did less than 20 hours of unpaid work were classified as “Not in the labour force”.

Comparability With the Labour Force Survey

The census and the Labour Force Survey (LFS) collect data on the labour market activity of persons aged 15 and over, excluding institutional residents, during the week preceding the date of collection. On the basis of their activities, people are placed in one of the following categories: employed, unemployed and not in the labour force. Nevertheless, even though both instruments measure labour market activity, there are many fundamental differences between them.

Some of those differences are as follows:

–	enumeration method;
–	coverage;
–	sample size;
–	reference period;
–	number of questions and their content;
–	method used to derive the labour force categories.

1.  Enumeration Method

In the census, the method used for most respondents is self-enumeration; that is, people complete the questionnaire themselves. The LFS is administered by experienced interviewers using the computer‑assisted interviewing technique.

2.  Coverage

The census provides complete coverage of the Canadian population, including the households of diplomatic personnel and other Canadian government employees living outside Canada. The census also includes non-permanent residents (refugee claimants and holders of student authorizations, employment authorizations and Minister’s permits).

The LFS includes non-permanent residents, but excludes persons living in the Northwest Territories, the Yukon Territory and Nunavut, persons living on Indian reserves, full-time members of the Armed Forces and institutional residents. Households of diplomatic personnel and other Canadian government employees outside Canada are also excluded.

3.  Sample Size

In most parts of Canada, every fifth household receives the full census questionnaire (Form 2B), which contains the questions from which labour force activity data are derived. On Indian reserves and in northern and remote areas, all households receive the full questionnaire to improve the precision of the data on populations that are considered too small to be sampled.

The LFS is based on a sample of about 52,000 households in Canada.

4.  Reference Period

The reference period for the census was the week of Sunday, May 6 to Saturday, May 12, 2001. The reference period for the May 2001 Labour Force Survey was the week of Sunday, May 13 to Saturday, May 19.

5.  Number of Questions and Their Content

The census questionnaire includes five questions on labour market activities: number of hours worked for pay or in self-employment; temporary lay-off or absence from job or business; existence of definite arrangements to start a new job within the next four weeks; search for paid work (full-time or part-time) during the past four weeks; and availability to start a job during the last week if one had been available. There are three possible sequences of questions depending on the respondent’s situation. For example, a respondent who reports having worked one or more hours during the reference week is not required to answer the other four questions.

The LFS contains some 20 questions, and there are several different sequences in which they can be asked, in whole or in part. The interview is computer-assisted, which makes it possible to tailor the sequence and content of the questions to the respondent. The method also provides the opportunity to clarify and correct responses as the interview progresses.

6.  Method Used to Derive the Labour Force Categories

There are a number of differences in the method used to derive the labour force categories. Two are described below:

(a)  Employed Self-employed Workers

In the census, self-employed workers who have no work during reference week and do not report working any hours or being absent from work would be classified as “Unemployed” or “Not in the labour force”, depending on their responses to the other questions. 

In the LFS, the same self-employed workers may be coded as “Employed” if they attributed their absence to not having any work during the reference week. The census does not ask the reason for their absence.

(b)  Persons on Lay-off

In both the census and the LFS, persons on lay-off are classified as “Unemployed” if they are available for work, or as “Not in the labour force” if they are not available for work during the reference week. However, the concepts of “lay-off” and “availability for work” are not the same in the two surveys.

According to the LFS, persons on lay-off have been temporarily released by their employers, because of business conditions. They must have a definite date to return to work, or an indication that they will be recalled in the future. The lay-off period must not exceed one year, and seasonal workers are not included in this category. According to the census, persons on lay-off expect to return to their jobs. No limit is specified for returning to work or for the duration of the lay-off. Seasonal workers are not explicitly excluded from this category.

In the LFS, persons on lay-off are available for work during the week preceding the survey if they reported being available or if they reported the reason for their unavailability as not “going to school” and not “other reasons”. Whether they are looking for a job or not is not considered.

According to the census, the variables used to determine whether someone on temporary lay-off is available for work during the week preceding Census Day depend on whether the person was not looking for work, was looking for a full-time job, or was looking for a part-time job.

For more information about the LFS, please consult the Guide to the Labour Force Survey, Catalogue No. 71-543. For further information about census data on labour force activity, please contact the census labour market analysts.

Cautionary Notes: Industry – 1980 Standard Industrial Classification

331 – Small Electrical Appliance Industry

331 – Small Electrical Appliance Industry and 338 – Communications and Energy Wire and Cable Industry both manufacture electrical products. Coders had some difficulty in differentiating between these products because of insufficient detail in the responses provided by respondents. Hence, a number of responses that should have been coded to 331 – Small Electrical Appliance Industry were miscoded to 338 – Communications and Energy Wire and Cable Industry. Users should be cautious when using these estimates.

338 – Communications and Energy Wire and Cable Industry

For this industry, census respondents tended to give general responses that would have been applicable for any number of activities in major group 33 – Electrical and Electronic Products Industries. Coders therefore had some difficulty in coding some responses to industry group 338 – Communications and Energy Wire and Cable Industry and there were a number of miscodes. Caution should be exercised when using these estimates.

401 – Residential Building and Development and 429 – Other Trade Work

Construction activities are difficult to code. Census respondents do not generally provide sufficient information to code these establishments in great detail. There were a number of miscodes to 401 – Residential Building and Development and to 429 – Other Trade Work. Users should exercise caution when using these data.

692 – Direct Sellers

Persons coded to 692 – Direct Sellers are engaged in the direct distribution of products, and are self employed or are paid on a commission basis. Hence, the coding of this industry can only be done properly with detailed responses and adequate supplemental information. For example, a newspaper delivery boy needs to also identify himself as being self-employed in order to be coded to this industry. Typically, responses for this industry tend to be vague or contradictory. Coders had significant difficulty in coding to this industry. Estimates for 692 – Direct Sellers should be used with caution.

859 – Other Educational Services

There was some confusion in the 2001 coding of 'vocational' activities. Vocational guidance centres should have been coded to 859 – Other Educational Services and vocational post-secondary education services should have been coded to 852 – Post-secondary non-university education. Respondents who worked in vocational education services but provided general responses, such as 'education', were miscoded to 859 – Other Educational Services. Respondents who reported their work activity as college or other vocational instructors were also miscoded to 859 – Other Educational Services. Users should exercise caution when using these estimates.

Cautionary Notes: Occupation

Broad Occupational Category A – Management Occupations

Census data for occupation groups in Broad Occupational Category A - Management Occupations should be used with caution. Some coding errors were made in assigning the appropriate level of management, e.g. senior manager as opposed to middle manager, and in determining the appropriate area of specialization or activity, e.g. a manager of a health care program in a hospital as opposed to a government manager in health policy administration. Some non-management occupations have also been miscoded to management due to confusion over titles such as program manager, project manager, etc. Data users may wish to use data for management occupations in conjunction with other variables such as income, age and education.

A334 – Other Managers in Public Administration

Census data for A334 – Other Managers in Public Administration should be used with extreme caution due to a high level of coding error. Coding errors were made in assigning the appropriate management level, e.g. senior manager as opposed to middle manager, and in determining the appropriate area of specialization, e.g. managers in economic and social policy administration have been miscoded to this group. Some non-management occupations have also been miscoded to A334 due to confusion over titles such as program manager, project manager, etc.

E037 – Program Officers Unique to Government

Census data for E037 – Program Officers Unique to Government should be used with extreme caution due to a high level of coding error. Coding errors were made with respect to the appropriate area of specialization, e.g. economic and social policy researchers and officers have been miscoded to this group. As well, a number of vague responses such as 'civil servant' and 'fonctionnaire' were wrongly assigned this code.

G111 – Sales Representatives, Wholesale Trade (Non-technical)

2001 Census data are showing an under-estimate of persons in G111 – Sales Representatives, Wholesale Trade (Non-technical). A high number of vague responses have resulted in some of these occupations being miscoded to other sales occupations such as G211 – Retail Salespersons and Sales Clerks and A131 – Sales Marketing and Advertising Managers.

G121 – Technical Sales Specialists, Wholesale Trade

2001 Census data are showing an under-estimate of persons in G121 – Technical Sales Specialists, Wholesale Trade. A high number of vague responses have resulted in some of these occupations being miscoded to other sales occupations such as G211 – Retail Salespersons and Sales Clerks and A131 – Sales Marketing and Advertising Managers.

G982 – Ironing, Pressing and Finishing Occupations

2001 Census data are showing an over-estimate of persons in G982 – Ironing, Pressing and Finishing Occupations due to miscoding of some workers in pressing occupations in clothing manufacturing to this group. These responses should have been coded to J319 – Other Labourers in Processing, Manufacturing and Utilities. Data users may want to consider excluding persons in industry (NAICS) sub‑sector 315 – Clothing Manufacturing from the estimates for G982.

H512 – Tailors, Dressmakers, Furriers and Milliners

2001 Census data are showing an over-estimate of persons in H512 – Tailors, Dressmakers, Furriers and Milliners due to miscoding of some responses of 'couturier' and 'seamstress' in clothing manufacturing to this group.

J111 – Central Control and Process Operators, Mineral and Metal Processing
J121 – Machine Operators, Mineral and Metal Processing

Data for J111 – Central Control and Process Operators, Mineral and Metal Processing and J121 – Machine Operators, Mineral and Metal Processing should be used with caution. There is some overlap of responses coded to these two groups as respondents do not always provide enough information to allow coders to distinguish between them.

J113 – Pulping Control Operators
J142 – Pulp Mill Machine Operators

Data for J113 – Pulping Control Operators and J142 – Pulp Mill Machine Operators should be used with caution. There is some overlap of responses coded to these two groups as respondents do not always provide enough information to allow coders to distinguish between them.

J114 – Papermaking and Coating Control Operators
J143 – Papermaking and Finishing Machine Operators

Data for J114 – Papermaking and Coating Control Operators and J143 – Papermaking and Finishing Machine Operators should be used with caution. There is some overlap of responses coded to these two groups as respondents do not always provide enough information to allow coders to distinguish between them.

J319 – Other Labourers in Processing, Manufacturing and Utilities

2001 Census data are showing an under-estimate of persons in J319 – Other Labourers in Processing, Manufacturing and Utilities due to miscoding of some workers in pressing occupations in clothing manufacturing to G982 – Ironing, Pressing and Finishing Occupations.

E.  Language

1.  Question on the Mother Tongue

The mother tongue question read as follows for the 2001 Census: “What is the language that this person first learned at home in childhood and still understands?” This wording was identical to that used for the 1996 Census.

The 2001 Census short questionnaire (Form 2A) contained only one language question, the one on mother tongue. Four language questions were included in the section on sociocultural information in the long questionnaire (Form 2B). The question on mother tongue came last, following the two questions on the knowledge of languages (official and non-official), and the two-part question on language(s) spoken at home (most often and regularly). The format of these four questions was identical to the one used for the 1996 Census, except for the addition of the part question on the language(s) spoken regularly at home. For the 2001 Census, a language of work question was included in the labour market activities section.

On the French version of all census forms, for all questions in the language module where there is a choice of responses available, the order in which the choices appear was modified since 1996 in order to give precedence to the “French” category. The actual wording of the questions on knowledge of official languages and non-official languages also reflects this change.

In 2001, as in 1996, the respondent could check “English” or “French”, or write a non-official language in the write-in space, and an automatic coding system was used to process the write-in answers.

The following changes were brought to the 2001 language classification:

–	The 1996 “Chinese, n.o.s.” category contains all responses of “Chinese”, including “Mandarin”, “Cantonese” and “Hakka”. Therefore it is not equivalent to the 2001 “Chinese, n.o.s.” category but rather, equal to the sum of the 2001 “Chinese, n.o.s.”, “Mandarin”, “Cantonese” and “Hakka” categories.

–	“Chinese, n.o.s.” includes anyone responding “Chinese” with no other precision, along with other dialects not otherwise specified.

–	The spelling of the “Attikamekw” category has been modified. In 1996, it was written “Attikamek”.

Table 1.  Percentage Distribution of Main Response Categories of the Question on the Mother
Tongue, 1996 and 2001 Censuses

Response Categories	1996	2001	
	100% data	20% data	100% data	20% data	
	(%)	(%)	(%)	(%)	
Total population	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	
Single responses	96.7	98.6	95.8	98.7	
English	59.3	59.2	59.4	58.6	
French	22.9	23.3	22.1	22.6	
Non-official language	14.5	16.1	14.4	17.6	
Multiple responses	3.3	1.4	4.2	1.3	

2.  Question on the Language Spoken Most Often at Home

For the 2001 Census, the question on the language spoken most often at home read as follows: “What language does this person speak most often at home?”

This question has been changed since the 1996 Census. Until that census, respondents were required to indicate only the language spoken most often at home; this question now constitutes part (a) of the question asked in 2001. The other part (part [b]) on languages spoken on a regular basis at home was added in 2001. This was done in order to reflect the complete linguistic situation of some Canadian households. In 2001, the following instructions were provided to respondents in the 2001 Census Guide:

Part (a)

Report the language spoken most often at home. Report more than one language only if all languages are spoken equally often.

For a person who lives alone:
•	report the language in which you feel most comfortable.

For a child who has not yet learned to speak:
•	report the language spoken most often to this child at home. If two languages are spoken, report the language spoken most often. If both languages are used equally often, report both languages.

Part (b)

Report any other languages that the person speaks at home on a regular basis, but not as often as the language reported in part (a).

The long questionnaire (Form 2B) comprised five language-related questions. Four of them were included in the sociocultural information section. In this section, the question on mother tongue came last, following the two questions on the knowledge of languages (official and non-official), and the two-part question on language(s) spoken at home (most often and regularly). The layout of these questions was identical to the one used for the 1996 Census, except for the addition of the part question on language(s) spoken regularly at home. For the 2001 Census, a language of work question was included in the labour market activities section.

On the French version of all census forms, for all questions in the language module where there is a choice of responses available, the order in which the choices appear was modified since 1996 in order to give precedence to the “French” category. The actual wording of the questions on knowledge of official languages and non-official languages also reflects this change.

Some changes have also been made to the language classifications used in the census products. They are the same changes as those made to the mother tongue classification mentioned above.

The table below gives the main response categories of the question on the language spoken most often at home. Statistics are taken from the long questionnaire (distributed to 20% of the households).

Table 2.  Percentage Distribution of Main Response Categories of the Question on the Language
Spoken Most Often at Home, 1996 and 2001 Censuses

Response Categories	1996	2001	
	(%)	(%)	
Total population	100.0	100.0	
Single responses	98.0	98.2	
English	66.7	66.7	
French	22.3	21.2	
Non-official languages	9.0	9.8	
Multiple responses	2.0	1.8	

3.  Question on the Language Spoken on a Regular Basis at Home

For the 2001 Census, the question on the language spoken on a regular basis at home read as follows: “Does this person speak any other languages on a regular basis at home?” This part question on home language(s) was asked for the first time in that census.

This question has been changed since the 1996 Census. Until that census, respondents were required to indicate only the language spoken most often at home; this question now constitutes part (a) of the question asked in 2001. The other part question (part [b] above) on languages spoken on a regular basis at home was added in 2001. This was done in order to reflect the complete linguistic situation of some Canadian households. In 2001, the following instructions were provided to respondents in the 2001 Census Guide:

Part (a)

Report the language spoken most often at home. Report more than one language only if all languages are spoken equally often.

For a person who lives alone:
•	report the language in which you feel most comfortable.

For a child who has not yet learned to speak:
•	report the language spoken most often to this child at home. If two languages are spoken, report the language spoken most often. If both languages are used equally often, report both languages.

Part (b)

Report any other languages that the person speaks at home on a regular basis, but not as often as the language reported in part (a).

The long questionnaire (Form 2B) comprised five language-related questions. Four of them were included in the sociocultural information section. In this section, the question on mother tongue came last, following the two questions on the knowledge of languages (official and non-official), and the two-part question on language(s) spoken at home (most often and regularly). The layout of these questions was identical to the one used for the 1996 Census, except for the addition of the question on language spoken regularly at home. For the 2001 Census, a language of work question was included with the labour market activities section.
On the French version of all census forms, for all questions in the language module where there is a choice of responses available, the order in which the choices appear was modified since 1996 in order to give precedence to the “French” category. The actual wording of the questions on knowledge of official languages and non-official languages also reflects this change.

Some changes have also been made to the language classifications used in the census products. They are the same changes as those made to the mother tongue language classification mentioned above.

The table below gives the main response categories of the question on language spoken on a regular basis at home. Statistics are taken from the long questionnaire (distributed to 20% of the households).

Table 3.  Percentage Distribution of Main Response Categories of the Question on the Language
Spoken on a Regular Basis at Home, 2001 Census

Response Categories	2001	
	(%)	
Total population	100.0	
None	88.7	
Single responses	11.0	
English	5.3	
French	1.8	
Non-official languages	4.0	
Multiple responses	0.3	

4.  Questions on the Knowledge of Official and Non-official Languages

The question on the knowledge of official languages was the first of a series of four questions in the sociocultural information section. The wording of the question was as follows: “Can this person speak English or French well enough to conduct a conversation?” The question was followed by the instruction “Mark one circle only”. There were four mark-in response choices for this question: “English only”, “French only”, “Both English and French” and “Neither English nor French”. The response categories and the position of the question did not change since 1996.

The question on the knowledge of non-official languages appeared after the question on the knowledge of official languages and read as follows: “What languages(s), other than English or French, can this person speak well enough to conduct a conversation?” The respondent could mark in the “None” response or write in one or more languages in the three spaces available for the write-in responses. The position of the question did not change since 1996.

On the French version of all census forms, for all questions in the language module where there is a choice of responses available, the order in which the choices appear was modified since 1996 in order to give precedence to the “French” category. The actual wording of the questions on knowledge of official languages and non-official languages also reflects this change.

5.  Question on the Language Used Most Often at Work

The question on language used most often at work was asked for the first time in the 2001 Census and read as follows: “In this job, what language did this person use most often?” This question was included in the module on work-related questions and was asked only to persons aged 15 and over.

Instructions from the Census Guide were as follows:

Part (a)

For persons whose job requires mostly dealing with customers, clients or peers, report the language used most often.

For persons whose job requires mostly writing, report the language written most often.

For persons who are deaf, hard of hearing or who have a speech disability, report a sign language if it is used most often at work.

Report only languages used in performing a job or a major task.

Report two languages only if they are used equally often.

Do not report a language used only during coffee, lunch or other rest breaks.

Part (b)

Report any other languages that this person may use on a regular basis in performing a job or a major task, though not as often as the main language reported in part (a).

Do not report a language used only during coffee, lunch or other rest breaks.

On the French version of all census forms, for all questions in the language module where there is a choice of responses available, the order in which the choices appear was modified since 1996 in order to give precedence to the “French” category. The actual wording of the questions on knowledge of official languages and non-official languages also reflects this change.

Some changes have also been made to the language classifications used in the census products. They are the same changes as those made to the mother tongue classification mentioned above.

The table below gives the main response categories of the question on the language used most often at work. Statistics are taken from the long questionnaire (distributed to 20% of the households).

Table 4.  Percentage Distribution of Main Response Categories of the Question on the Language
Used Most Often at Work, 2001 Census

Response Categories	2001	
	(%)	
Total population	100.0	
Single responses	97.8	
English	76.3	
French	20.1	
Non-official languages	1.4	
Multiples responses	2.2	

6.  Question on the Language Used on a Regular Basis at Work

The question on language used on a regular basis at work was asked for the first time in the 2001 Census and read as follows: “Did this person use any other languages on a regular basis in this job?” This question was included in the module on work-related questions and was asked only to persons aged 15 and over.

Instructions from the Census Guide were as follows:

Part (a)

For persons whose job requires mostly dealing with customers, clients or peers, report the language used most often.

For persons whose job requires mostly writing, report the language written most often.

For persons who are deaf, hard of hearing or who have a speech disability, report a sign language if it is used most often at work.

Report only languages used in performing a job or a major task.

Report two languages only if they are used equally often.

Do not report a language used only during coffee, lunch or other rest breaks.

Part (b)

Report any other languages that this person may use on a regular basis in performing a job or a major task, though not as often as the main language reported in part (a).
Do not report a language used only during coffee, lunch or other rest breaks.

On the French version of all census forms, for all questions in the language module where there is a choice of responses available, the order in which the choices appear was modified since 1996 in order to give precedence to the “French” category. The actual wording of the questions on knowledge of official languages and non-official languages also reflects this change.

Some changes have also been made to the language classifications used in the census products. They are the same changes as those made to the mother tongue classification mentioned above.

The table below gives the main response categories of the question on the language used on a regular basis at work. Statistics are taken from the long questionnaire (distributed to 20% of the households).

Table 5.  Percentage Distribution of Main Response Categories of the Question on the Language
Used on a Regular Basis at Work, 2001 Census

Response Categories	2001	
	(%)	
Total population	100.0	
None	87.5	
Single responses	12.3	
English	6.2	
French	3.7	
Non-official languages	2.4	
Multiple responses	0.2	

F.  Comparability of 2001 Place of Work Data With Those of Previous Censuses

1.  Universe and Sample Design

In the 2001, 1996, 1991 and 1981 Censuses, responses to the place of work question were obtained from the 20% sample, instead of the 33.3% sample used in the 1971 Census. The 20% sample data are weighted to provide estimates for the entire population.

2.  Design of the Place of Work Question

The place of work question was asked in virtually the same format in each of the 1991, 1981 and 1971 Censuses. However, for the 1996 Census, the term “No fixed workplace address” replaced “No usual place of work”. In addition, the 1996 Census question was modified: a check box for the “No fixed workplace address” response category was added.

In censuses previous to 1996, respondents were instructed to write “No usual place of work” in the address fields provided, if applicable. It is believed that censuses previous to 1996 have undercounted the number of persons having “No fixed workplace address”. The change in the design of the 1996 place of work question has had a significant effect on the responses provided. The 1996 place of work data are not strictly comparable with data collected from previous censuses.

For the 1996 Census, only the following three changes were made to the place of work question, to make it easier to understand and to encourage respondents to provide complete workplace address responses:

•	The “County” of work write-in space was removed.
•	The “No fixed workplace address” response category was made explicit.
•	An illustrative example was included on the questionnaire to assist respondents in providing a complete workplace address.

The 2001 place of work question was changed slightly from 1996 to include the phase “most of the time”. The question read “At what address did this person usually work most of the time?”

3.  Imputation Methodology

In the 1971 Census, respondents who provided inaccurate or incomplete information, or no information at all, were assigned to the “Not stated” category. This category also included partial responses, such as a province of work or province and census division of work.

In the 2001, 1996, 1991 and 1981 Censuses, the “Not stated” category no longer existed. Instead, seven‑digit census subdivision of work codes (Standard Geographical Classification [SGC] codes) were assigned to affected records through edit and imputation programs. To facilitate this process, the characteristics of a “Not stated” record were matched with those of a donor record.

4. Comparability of 2001 Place of Work Data

One difficulty with respect to historical comparability of place of work data, and this is not unique to place of work, is that the boundaries of geographic areas can change; this can greatly affect comparability between censuses. Annexations, incorporations and amalgamations of geographic areas can create difficulties when comparing spatial units and structures which change over time.

Between 1996 and 2001, municipal restructuring in many provinces resulted in numerous census subdivision boundary changes.

5. Comparability of Census Work at Home Data With Those of Other Surveys

Working at home can be defined in different ways. In the census, the “Worked at home” category applies to persons who live and work at the same physical location, such as farmers, teleworkers and work camp workers. The 1996 Census Guide instructed persons who work part of their time at home and part of their time at an employer’s address to indicate that they worked at home if most of their work time was spent working at home (e.g. 3 days out of 5).

Statistics Canada’s 1995 Survey of Work Arrangements asked respondents whether they did some or all of their paid work at home. Differences between the work at home data from the 1996 Census and the 1995 Survey of Work Arrangements are largely the result of differences in the way work at home is defined.

G.  Comparability of Data on Ethnic Origin

From every decennial census since 1901, it has been possible to determine the relative size of Canada’s various ethnic groups to find out whether particular groups made up a large or small proportion of the total population and to compare the characteristics of one group with those of another. However, comparability of ethnic origin data between the 2001 Census and previous censuses has been affected by several factors, including changes in the question format, wording, examples, instructions and data processing. The measurement of ethnicity is also affected by the social environment at the time of the census, changes in the respondents’ understanding or views about ethnicity, the respondents’ awareness of their family background and the length of time since immigration.

1.  Change in the Format of the Ethnic Origin Question

In each census from 1971 to 1991, the ethnic origin question has asked about the ethnic or cultural group(s) of the respondent or the respondent’s ancestors. Respondents were provided with a number of mark-in responses with which to indicate their ethnic origin(s). The mark-in responses included on the census questionnaire varied slightly between censuses because the ethnic origins were generally chosen and listed based on the frequency of single‑response reporting in the previous census. In 1986, a mark-in for “Black” was added to the questionnaire in response to data requirements resulting from the new Employment Equity Act. In each census from 1971 to 1991, there was at least one mark-in response for Canada’s Aboriginal population and an “Other” category, under which respondents could specify their ethnic origin in one or more write-in spaces.

In 1996, the format of the ethnic origin question changed substantially. Although the wording of the ethnic origin question itself did not change from 1991, the mark-in responses provided to respondents from 1971 to 1991 were no longer present. Instead, respondents were asked to specify their ethnic origin(s) in four write-in spaces. Twenty-four examples of ethnic origins were provided in order to assist respondents in understanding the intent of the question. Because it was the fifth most frequently reported single ethnic origin in 1991, “Canadian” appeared as the fifth example on the 1996 Census questionnaire. Likewise, “Canadian” appeared as the first example on the 2001 Census questionnaire because it was the most frequently reported single ethnic origin in 1996.

Although it is likely that data for all ethnic groups have been affected to some extent by changes in the format of the ethnic origin question between censuses, counts for some groups have been affected more than others. The increase in the reporting of multiple responses and the increase in the reporting of “Canadian” are the most noticeable results of changes in the format of the ethnic origin question. However, data comparability has also been affected for several ethnic groups and categories, including British Isles and French. 

2.  Increase in Reporting of Multiple Ethnic Origins

The number of multiple ethnic origin responses provided by respondents has grown in each census. While in 1971 the reporting of multiple ethnic origins was not permitted in the census, in 1981, 12% of the population reported multiple ethnic origins. This proportion increased to 28% in 1986, 29% in 1991, 36% in 1996 and finally 38% in 2001.

The increase in multiple‑response reporting has not only affected overall data comparability for the ethnic origin variable, but it has also affected comparability for specific ethnic groups. This is particularly true of members of some ethnic groups who are more likely than others to report multiple responses.

An increase in multiple‑response reporting among members of a certain ethnic group may lead to a decrease in single‑response reporting for that ethnic group. Data users must take into account both single- and multiple‑response counts (or total response counts) before reaching any conclusions about the relative size of an ethnic group and about changes in its size over time.

3.  Increase in Reporting of “Canadian” Ethnic Origin

The number of census respondents reporting “Canadian” as their ethnic origin has grown considerably over the past decade. While just 0.5% of the total population reported “Canadian” as a single or multiple ethnic origin in 1986, 3.8% reported “Canadian” in 1991, 30.9% reported “Canadian” in 1996, and 39% reported “Canadian” in 2001.

Although the increase in the reporting of “Canadian” may be the result of a number of factors, the change in the format of the ethnic origin question has had perhaps the most significant impact on counts for this group. It is likely that many respondents who checked a mark-in response in the 1991 Census ethnic origin question wrote in “Canadian” in the 1996 and 2001 Censuses, either as a single response or in combination with other responses.

The increase in the reporting of “Canadian” appears to have had a major impact on the reporting of “French”, “British Isles” and other ethnic origins. Groups that have been in Canada the longest appear to be most likely to report “Canadian” as their ethnic origin.

4.  Comparability of Data for British Isles, French and European Origins

The change in the format of the ethnic origin question in 1996 has affected counts for “French”, “English”, “Irish”, “Scottish”, “Welsh”, and “British, n.i.e.” to a significant degree. Total response counts for “French” and “English” as well as single‑response counts for “Irish” and “Scottish” have decreased both as a result of the inclusion of “Canadian” as an example in the ethnic origin question and as a result of the removal of the mark-in responses from the census questionnaire.

While total response counts for European categories other than British Isles origins and French origins have not changed considerably since 1991, single counts for some European ethnic groups (for example, German, Ukrainian and Jewish) have also decreased as a result of the change in format of the ethnic origin question.

In addition to changes in the reporting of “French”, users should be aware of changes in the composition of the “French origins” ethnic category between the 1996 and 2001 Censuses and previous censuses. In 1996 and 2001, “French origins” included “French” and “Acadian”. In 1991, “French origins” included “French”, “Acadian” and “Québécois”. In 1986, “French origins” included “French”, “Acadian”, “Québécois” and “French Canadian”. In 1996, “Québécois” was moved from “French origins” to the “Other origins” category. In 1996 and 1991, “French Canadian” was made a multiple response of “French” and “Canadian”. Nevertheless, these changes do not appear to have had a significant impact on comparability for the “French origins” category because of relatively small counts for “French Canadian” (prior to 1996) and “Québécois”. 

H.  Income

1.  Income Data 

The 2001 Census collected income information from all individuals 15 years and over in private households and from non-institutional residents of collective households. The household income statistics shown in this file are for persons in private households only.

Census income statistics are subject to sampling variability. Although such sampling variability may be quite small for large population groups, its effects cannot be ignored in the case of very small subgroups of population in an area or in a particular category. This is because, all other things being equal, the larger the sample size, the smaller is the error. For this reason, published income data for areas below the provincial level, where the non-institutional population was less than 250 or the number of households was less than 40, have been suppressed. The users of this microdata file are strongly advised to exercise caution in the interpretation of statistics based on relatively small totals.

2.  Income Status

“Income status” refers to the position of the economic families and unattached individuals in relation to Statistics Canada’s low income cut-offs. These cut-offs are determined separately for families of different sizes and living in areas of different degrees of urbanization. For the 2001 Census, low income cut-offs were revised on the basis of data from the 1992 Family Expenditure in Canada (a national survey), now known as the Survey of Household Spending. The revised (1992) cut-offs were updated in 2000 to reflect the changes in the consumer price index since 1992. Table 6 shows the 2000 matrix of low income cut‑offs.

The concept of an economic family is broader than that of a census family in that an economic family consists of all persons living together who are related by blood, marriage, common-law or adoption, while a census family consists of persons with a husband-wife (including now-married and common-law partners) or parent-(never-married) child relationship. Unattached individuals are persons either living alone or living in a household where they are not related to another person. Where an economic family consists of more than a census family, each of the units making up the economic family carries the income status of the economic family.

For the purposes of low income statistics, economic families and unattached individuals in the Yukon Territory, the Northwest Territories and Nunavut are excluded. The low income cut-offs were based on certain expenditure-income patterns which were not available from survey data for the entire population.

For further details on conceptual and coverage aspects, see the 2001 Census Dictionary, Catalogue No. 92-378-XIE.

Table 6.  Low Income Cut-offs for Economic Families and Unattached Individuals, 2000

	Size of Area of Residence	
Family
Size	500,000
or
more	100,000
to
499,999	30,000
to
99,999	Small
urban
regions	Rural
(farm and
non-farm)	
	dollars	
1
2
3
4
5
6
7 or more	18,371
22,964
28,560
34,572
38,646
42,719
46,793	15,757
19,697
24,497
29,653
33,148
36,642
40,137	15,648
19,561
24,326
29,448
32,917
36,387
39,857	14,561
18,201
22,635
27,401
30,629
33,857
37,085	12,696
15,870
19,738
23,892
26,708
29,524
32,340	

3.  Rounding and Adjustment of High Incomes and Losses

In planning this microdata file, it was deemed essential to utilize procedures to guard against the possibility of associating a particular income with an identifiable individual, family or household. To accomplish this, the incomes of individuals selected for this microdata file were subjected to the following rounding and adjustment procedure.

The incomes of individuals on this file were subjected to two separate operations. Initially, the amounts in wages and salaries, self-employment income (farm plus non-farm), investment income, retirement pensions, other money income and total income were rounded to the limits as specified in Table 7. This rounding procedure created certain inconsistencies between the sum of sources of income and the total income. These inconsistencies were rectified by applying an adjustment procedure as specified in Table 8. Government transfer payments were not subject to these rounding and adjustment procedures.

After the individual records had been rounded and adjusted, the income variables at the family and household level on this microdata file were derived, i.e. wages and salaries, self-employment income, government transfer payments, investment income, retirement pensions, other money income and total income.

The number of records affected by this procedure and its impact on household incomes are summarized in the following Tables 9 to 11.

Table 9 provides percentage distributions of individuals who had one or more sources of income and/or total income outside the limits imposed by confidentiality considerations. 

Table 10 provides a summary of the changes, at the sample level, in the aggregate and average household income, by source and composition of income, as a result of the rounding/adjustment procedure.

Table 11 provides distributions of the weighted aggregate household income in 2000, by province or territory, from the census and the Public Use Microdata File.

Table 7.  High and Low Income Limits

(1)  In addition to the total income, the following income sources were subject to lower and upper limits for all individuals 15 years and over in the sample on this microdata file:

	(a)	Wages and salaries
	(b)	Self-employment income
	(c)	Investment income
	(d)	Retirement pensions
	(e)	Other money income

(2)  The limits were as follows:
	Negative	Positive

Limit 1 (L1)	-$30,000	$120,000

Limit 2 (L2)	-$50,000	$200,000

(3)  Amounts above or below the limits in (2) above were rounded to the appropriate limits, as indicated in (4) below.

(4)  Individual Income	Atlantic Region	Other Regions

Males	L1	L2
Females	L1	L1

Family/Household Income

One income recipient – female	L1	L1
One income recipient – male	L1	L2
All other families/households	L2	L2

(5)  In cases where only the total income was beyond the limit, as a first step it was rounded to the applicable limit.

(6)  To ensure consistency between the sum of sources and the total income, individual records were then subjected to the adjustment procedure described in Table 8.

Table 8.  Adjustments Made to Remove Inconsistencies Introduced by Rounding

After the rounding of applicable sources and/or total income as outlined in Table 7, individual sources and total income were subjected to the following adjustment routine in order to ensure consistency between the sum of sources and total income:

(1)	Adjustment of Sources

(a)  If A>0 and B>0 and A<B, then Sf = (Si) (C/D)

(b)  If A<0 and B<0 and A>B, then Sef = Se + A – B

(c)  No adjustment in all other cases

(2)	Adjustment of Total Income

(a)  Y = Sum of sources (after adjustments in [1] above and including transfer payments)

(b)  Y = 1 if sum of adjusted sources and transfer payments = 0

(3)	Derivation of household incomes

	Household incomes were derived by summing the incomes of individuals in the household after the adjustments described above.

A	=	Total income after rounding
B	=	Sum of sources after rounding
C	=	A less transfer payments
D	=	B less transfer payments
Si	=	Rounded wages and salaries, self-employment income, investment income, retirement pensions and other money income
Sf	=	Final wages and salaries, self-employment income, investment income, retirement pensions and other money income on PUMF
Se	=	Rounded self-employment income on PUMF
Sef	=	Final self-employment income on PUMF
Y	=	Final total income on PUMF

Table 9.  Distribution of Individuals (Unweighted Sample) With Incomes Outside Positive and Negative Limits in 2000, PUMF (Households and Housing), 2001 Census

Source Outside Limits
	Sample Count	Percentage	

One source

Wages and salaries
Self-employment income
Investment income
Retirement pensions
Other money income
	
7,582

5,685
1,425
337
105
30	
82.8

62.1
15.6
3.7
1.1
0.3	

Two or more sources

Wages and self-employment income
Wages and investment income
Wages and retirement pensions
Self-employment and investment income
Investment income and retirement pensions
Other combinations
	
190

42
99
10
17
10
12	
2.1

0.5
1.1
0.1
0.2
0.1
0.1	

Total income only
	
1,376	
15.0	

Number of individuals with rounding to source(s)1
	
9,148	
100.0	

1  There were 9,148 individuals in 8,674 households with income outside the specified limits.

Table 10.  Number of Private Households, Their Original and Changed Aggregate and Average Incomes by Source and Composition of Income in 2000, PUMF (Household Sample), 2001 Census

Number of Records, Aggregate Income, Average Income and Composition of Income	Wages and Salaries	Self-employment Income	Government Transfer Payments	Investment Income	Retirement Pensions	Other Money Income	Total Income	

1.	Number of records
	
312,513
	
312,513	
312,513	
312,513	
312,513	
312,513	
312,513	

2. Aggregate income ($’000)
(a) Original
(b) Change (8,674 households)
(c) Final
(d) % change [(b/a)*100]

13,019,537
-596,233

12,423,304
-4.6

1,057,060
-147,181

909,879
-13.9	

2,116,090
0

2,116,090
0.0	

819,756
-110,132

709,624
-13.4	

1,067,477
-23,055

1,044,422
-2.2	

157,488
-5,076

152,412
-3.2	

18,237,408
-881,676

17,355,732
-4.8	

3. Average income per family ($)
(a) Original
(b) Change (8,674 households) 
(c) Overall change
(d) Final

56,851
-68,738

-2,603
54,248	

26,158
-16,968

-3,642
22,516

7,840
0

0
7,840	

8,149
-12,697

-1,095
7,054	

17,196
-2,658

-371
16,825	

6,044
-585

-195
5,849	

58,452
-101,646

-2,826
55,626	

Table 11.  Distribution of Aggregate Income of Private Households in 2000 by Province or Territory,
	Census and PUMF (Housing and Households) Estimates, 2001 Census

Province or Territory	Census	PUMF	Census	PUMF	Difference PUMF/Census	
	dollars ($'000,000)	percentage		
Newfoundland and Labrador	8,750.7	8,615.8	1.3	1.3	-1.5	
Prince Edward Island	2,443.3	2,422.9	0.4	0.4	-0.8	
Nova Scotia	17,445.7	16,858.1	2.6	2.6	-3.4	
New Brunswick	13,439.4	13,257.5	2.0	2.1	-1.4	
Quebec	148,900.0	143,757.5	22.1	22.4	-3.5	
Ontario	282,008.5	264,068.4	41.8	41.1	-6.4	
Manitoba	21,954.8	21,489.4	3.3	3.3	-2.1	
Saskatchewan	18,630.1	18,117.3	2.8	2.8	-2.8	
Alberta	70,882.2	66,908.0	10.5	10.4	-5.6	
British Columbia	88,366.6	84,665.1	13.1	13.2	-4.2	
Yukon Territory, Northwest Territories and Nunavut1	1,989.3	2,002.0	0.3	0.3	0.6	
						
Canada	674,810.0	642,162.1	100.0	100.0	-4.8	

1  The rounding and adjustment procedures for income data, applied to all records on the PUMF, result in a slightly lower aggregate income than the one on the main census database. The sampling variability in the PUMF estimates is significantly larger than the one in the main census estimates because of the difference in the underlying sample sizes. This factor has produced a slightly larger estimate of aggregate income for the combined territories from the PUMF.

Appendix A.  Household Universe and Subuniverses

Appendix B.	Economic and Census Family Membership and
Family Status

Appendix C.  Conversion Factors

The conversion factors, contained in an external file called Appendix_C.xls, are presented in a spreadsheet format. To view the conversion factors, please use the following hyperlink: Appendix_C.

Bibliography

Statistics Canada. 2004. 2001 Census Ethnic Origin User Guide. Catalogue No. 92-403-GIE. Ottawa.

Statistics Canada. 2004. 2001 Census Visible Minority and Population Group User Guide. Catalogue No. 92‑401-GIE. Ottawa.

Statistics Canada. 2004. 2001 Census Religion User Guide. Catalogue No. 92-402-GIE. Ottawa.

Statistics Canada. 2002. 2001 Census Dictionary. Catalogue No. 92-378-XIE. Ottawa.

Statistics Canada. 2001. National Occupational Classification for Statistics, Catalogue No. 12-583-XPE. Ottawa.

Statistics Canada. 1997. North American Industry Classification System, Canada, Catalogue No. 12‑501-XPE. Ottawa.

Statistics Canada. 2001. GeoSuite, 2001 Census, Catalogue No. 92F0150XCB. Ottawa.

Statistics Canada. 2004. Guide to the Labour Force Survey, Catalogue No. 71-543. Ottawa.

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Other Related Products

Statistics Canada. 2001 Census Public Use Microdata Files – Individuals File. Ottawa: Industry Canada, 2005. 2001 Census of Canada, Catalogue No. 95M0016XCB.

Statistics Canada. 2001 Census Public Use Microdata Files – Families File. Ottawa: Industry Canada, 2006. 2001 Census of Canada, Catalogue No. 95M0018XCB.

Statistics Canada. 2001 Census Catalogue. Ottawa: Industry Canada, 2002. 2001 Census of Canada, Catalogue No. 92-377-XIE.

Statistics Canada. 2001 Census Handbook. Ottawa: Industry Canada, 2002. 2001 Census of Canada, Catalogue No. 92-379-XPB.

Statistics Canada. 2001 Census Dictionary. Ottawa: Industry Canada, 2002. 2001 Census of Canada, Catalogue No. 92-378-XIE.

Statistics Canada. 1996 Census Public Use Microdata Files – Individuals File. Ottawa: Minister of Industry, 1999, Catalogue No. 95M0010XCB.

Statistics Canada. 1996 Census Public Use Microdata Files – Families File. Ottawa: Minister of Industry, 1999, Catalogue No. 95M0012XCB.

Statistics Canada. 1996 Census Public Use Microdata Files – Households and Housing File. Ottawa: Minister of Industry, 1999, Catalogue No. 95M0011XCB.

Statistics Canada. 1996 Census Catalogue. Ottawa: Minister of Industry, October 1997, Catalogue No. 92-350-XPE.

Statistics Canada. 1996 Census Handbook. Ottawa: Minister of Industry, June 1997, Catalogue No. 92‑352-XPE.

Statistics Canada. 1996 Census Dictionary. Ottawa: Minister of Industry, January 1997, Catalogue No. 92-351-XPE.

Statistics Canada. 1991 Census Public Use Microdata Files Documentation and User Guide – Individual File. Ottawa: Industry, Science and Technology Canada, March 1994, Catalogue No. 95M0007GPE.

Statistics Canada. 1991 Census Public Use Microdata Files Documentation and User Guide – Family File. Ottawa: Industry, Science and Technology Canada, February 1994, Catalogue No. 95M0009GPE.

Statistics Canada. 1991 Census Public Use Microdata Files Documentation and User Guide – Household and Housing File. Ottawa: Industry, Science and Technology Canada, March 1994, Catalogue No. 95M0008GPE.

Statistics Canada. 1991 Census Catalogue, Second Edition. Ottawa: Industry, Science and Technology Canada, June 1993, Catalogue No. 92-302-XPE.

Statistics Canada. 1991 Census Handbook. Ottawa: Supply and Services Canada, December 1992, Catalogue No. 92-305-XPE.

Statistics Canada. 1991 Census Dictionary. Ottawa: Supply and Services Canada, January 1992, Catalogue No. 92-351-XPE.

Statistics Canada. 1986 Census Public Use Microdata Files Documentation and User Guide – Individual File. Ottawa: Supply and Services Canada, June 1990.

Statistics Canada. 1986 Census Public Use Microdata Files Documentation and User Guide – Family File. Ottawa: Supply and Services Canada, May 1990.

Statistics Canada. 1986 Census Public Use Microdata Files Documentation and User Guide – Household and Housing File. Ottawa: Supply and Services Canada, April 1989.

Statistics Canada. 1986 Census Dictionary. Ottawa: Supply and Services Canada, January 1987, Catalogue No. 99-101E.

Statistics Canada. 1981 Census Public Use Sample Tapes User Documentation. Ottawa: Department of Supply and Services, 1984.

Statistics Canada. 1981 Census Dictionary. Ottawa: Supply and Services Canada, May 1982, Catalogue No. 99-101.

Statistics Canada. 1976 Census Public Use Sample Tapes User Documentation. Ottawa: Department of Supply and Services, November 1979.

Statistics Canada. 1971 Dictionary of the Census Terms. Ottawa: Department of Industry, Trade and Commerce, December 1972.

Statistics Canada. 1971 Census Public Use Sample Tapes User Documentation. Ottawa: Department of Supply and Services, March 1975.

Canadian Universities – Data Liberation Initiative (DLI)

This ongoing project provides Canadian universities with affordable access to Statistics Canada’s files and databases for teaching and research purposes. Participating universities pay an annual subscription fee and supply support services such as personnel, equipment and software. For its part, Statistics Canada provides data files, technical assistance and storage by means of file transfer protocol (FTP) over the Internet. The DLI activities are supported by a dedicated group located in the Statistics Canada Library and Information Centre.

This initiative complements the Depository Services Program by giving universities access to public use microdata files, large databases such as census profiles and CANSIM, and geographic data such as boundary files.

Under the DLI, access to the files is restricted by signed agreements to the student population, teaching staff and other employees of participating universities.

To find out more about the DLI, send an e-mail to sivyer@statcan.ca.

Internet

The Statistics Canada Talon service, named after Canada's first official statistician, Jean Talon, was launched in February 1995. The Talon site can be found at http://www.statcan.ca.

At all times during the census dissemination cycle, this website offers users a selection of material from the various census reference products and a complete issue of The Daily, which is available on the date of release for each variable and contains highlights, selected analyses and three or four supporting tables for each variable.

Users also have access to detailed information on census products and services through the Online Catalogue (OLC). The OLC is a one-stop searchable repository of all Statistics Canada publications, products and services. With the OLC, users can perform organized and efficient searches to find out what publications, electronic products, microdata files, or services are available in their area of interest.